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Recent Submissions
Substance Abuse and its Prevalence Among Secondary School Adolescents in Kagoro, Kaduna State, Nigeria
(World Journal of Research and Review (WJRR), 2017-07-02) Bassi, A.P.; Ogundeko, T.O.; Ramyil, M.S.C.; Abisoye-Ogunniyan, A.; Ogbole, E.A.; Thilza, S.A.; SuleUredo’, O.; Ante, E.B.; Baba, A.I.; Chimbuoyim, I.N.
Despite the existing scanty data on patterns of drug abuse in specific groups in the Nigerian communities due to the tendency of changing patterns in illicit drug use with various alarming reports on same points to the need to constantly update information on the use of drugs among Nigerian adolescents. This was a cross sectional, descriptive study on the prevalence of substance use amongst adolescents. A total number of 400 Senior Secondary Schools 1,2,3 students from two selected schools in Kagoro Chiefdom of Kaura local government area in Kaduna State (Nigeria) were randomly administered with a pre-coded four sections (socio-demographic information, drug awareness and use, attitude of the students to drug abuse and practice of substance abuse). Out of a total of 400 respondents, which males constituted 75% and females 25% of substance users. 89.20% were aware of substance use and 10.80 % were not aware. Substances used were alcohol (52.58%), analgesics (33.7%), marijuana (2.59%), cigarette (1.72%), glue/solution (0.86%) and other local substances (8.62%) respectively. Family setting of respondents taking substance (66.6%:5.95%:27.4%) from monogamous, polygamous and extended families respectively. Factors responsible for engagement in substance use was curiosity 38.10%, peer pressure 19.05%, depression 7.14%, energy for work 4.76%, home problems 1.19%, festivities aura 11.90% beliefs 5.96%, others 11.90%. 58.3% of respondents were introduced to substance use by friends, while 25% were introduced by their family members. Curiosity and peer pressure which is a characteristic of this age group are the major reasons for indulgence in substance use as well the ease at obtaining substances. Family also plays a role.
Compliance with driver’s license laws and illegal licensing among commercial bus drivers in Lagos, Nigeria: Policy implications and evidence for action
(The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2014-09-03) Okafor, I.P.; Odeyemi, K.A.; Dolapo, D.C.; Adegbola, A.A.
Aims and Objectives To determine the level of compliance with driver’s license laws among commercial bus drivers in Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects, Materials and Methods Two intercity motor parks were selected by simple random sampling and all consenting minibus drivers participated in the study. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were also conducted with selected officials in the driver training and licensing authorities. Results Compliance with the minimum age for driving was high (93.6%), so also was having driving test prior to driver’s license procurement (83.3%). Formal driver training and VA testing were very low, (26.1% and 32.9% respectively) Overall, only 9.3% of them were found to have fulfilled all the pre-license obligations before obtaining their first driver’s license. The odds of a driver with a secondary education having formal driver training is 3.33 times higher than those with no education (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.01-11.35). Drivers who were 60 years or older were 3.62 times more likely to be compliant than those who were between 20-29 years (OR 3.62, 95% CI 0.56-29.19). For the 98.3% of them who possessed valid licenses, 52.3% of them obtained them illegally. All the key officials saw RTIs as a serious public health problem but faced several challenges in the course of their work. Conclusion: Overall compliance with pre-license regulations was very poor. There is need for a review and strict enforcement of driver’s license laws to improve compliance. Also vital are fostering inter-sectoral collaboration and improvement in the operations of all establishments involved in driver training and license procurement in Nigeria.
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Strains Associated with Pediatric Diarrhoea in Abuja, Nigeria
(International Research Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2025-02-02) Suleiman Kafilat Olayemi; Kolo Ibrahim; Baba John; Maryam Auwal Cheldu
Aim: To determine the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated from children under five years of age presenting with acute diarrhoea in Abuja, Nigeria, and to evaluate the utility of combining serotyping with molecular diagnostics in EPEC identification. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Garki Hospital, Federal Medical Center, Abuja and National Hospital, Abuja between March 2022 and February 2023.
Methodology: A total of 200 faecal samples were collected from pediatric patients (aged <5 years) with acute diarrhoea. E. coli was isolated using standard biochemical techniques. Confirmed isolates were serotyped with polyvalent and monovalent EPEC antisera. Molecular identification of the eaeA (intimin) and bfpA (bundle-forming pilus) virulence genes was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were classified as typical EPEC (positive for both genes) or atypical EPEC (positive for eaeA only). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method for commonly used antibiotics.
Results: Of the 200 stool samples analyzed, 19 (9.5%) were confirmed as EPEC. The most frequently detected serotype was O55:K59 (B5). Molecular analysis revealed that 5 isolates (26.3%) were positive for bfpA and 1 (5.2%) for both eaeA and bfpA genes, indicating a predominance of atypical EPEC strains. The remaining isolates lacked both virulence genes, suggesting the limitations of serotyping alone. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed 100% resistance to ampicillin, with high resistance to trimethoprim (89.5%) and tetracycline (84.2%). Ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone exhibited the highest effectiveness. Multidrug resistance was observed in 26.3% of isolates.
Conclusion: Atypical EPEC strains are more prevalent than typical EPEC in children with diarrhoea in Abuja. Combining molecular diagnostics with serotyping enhances detection accuracy. The high rate of antibiotic resistance, including multidrug resistance, underscores the need for routine surveillance to guide effective treatment and public health interventions.
A review on the applications of zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) photocatalyst for wastewater treatment
(Elsevier Ltd., 2022-02-02) Abubakar Ladio Hassana; Jimoh Oladejo Tijani; Saka Ambali Abdulkareem; Abdullahi Mann; Saheed Mustapha
The monoclinic wolframite-phase structure of ZnWO4 materials has been frequently synthesised, characterised, and applied in optical fibres, environmental decontamination, electrochemistry, photonics, catalysis, and not limited to magnetic applications. However, the problems of crystal growth conditions and mechanisms, growth, the crystal quality, stability, and the role of synthesis parameters of ZnWO4 nanoparticles remain a challenge limiting its commercial applications. This review presents recent advances of ZnWO4 as an advanced multi functional material for Industrial wastewater treatment. The review also examines the influence of the synthe sis parameters on the properties of ZnWO4 and provides insight into new perspectives on ZnWO4-based photo catalyst. Many researches have shown significant improvement in the efficiency of ZnWO4 by mixing with polymers and doping with metals, nonmetals, and other nanoparticles. The review also provides information on the mechanism of doping ZnWO4 with metals, non-metals, metalloids, metals oxides, and polymers based on different synthesis methods for bandgap reduction and extension of its photocatalytic activity to the visible region. The doped ZnWO4 photocatalyst was a more effective and environmentally friendly material for removing organic and inorganic contaminants in industrial wastewater than ordinary ZnWO4 nanocrystalline under suitable growth conditions.
Isolation And Identification of Indoor Air Microflora in Microbiology Laboratory of Nile University of Nigeria
(Nile University of Nigeria, 2023-02-02) Ezeagu Gloria Ginikanwa; Nasir Ja'Afar Zainab
A study was conducted to isolate and identify air microflora in Microbiology Laboratory of Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja. Nutrient agar and Potato Dextrose agar were prepared and poured into petri dishes and exposed to the air in Microbiology laboratory for 30minutes in the morning before the commencement of class activities and in the afternoon, during class activities. The plates were incubated at 37 ºC and 25 ºC respectively to isolate bacteria and fungi. The isolated bacteria species were Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Alkaligenes faecalis, while the fungal species were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor flavus and Fusariummoniliforme. The microbial counts of the afternoon exposure were much higher than those of the morning hours and the isolated bacterial species demonstrated relatively high sensitivity to antibacterial antibiotics used for the study except for Klebsiella sp. which had 20 % resistance and Alcaligenes faecalis with 30 % resistance. It is recommended that all environmental conditions that can facilitate the proliferation of these microorganisms in the laboratory should be prevented in order to protect the health of staff and students.