Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences

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    Informal Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Investment in Nigeria
    (Published by Department of Economics, IBB University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria, 2018-02-02) Mohammed Yelwa; Awe Emmanuel; Umar Musa
    Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) occupy a central place in the economic growth of nations. SMEs have a fundamental role to play in the development of an economy and this cannot be over emphasized. SMEs serve as training arena for local skills and entrepreneurs, and could become channels for mobilizing local savings, ensuring a more equitable distribution of income and reducing the migration of manpower from the rural to urban areas. On this note, ggovernment has identified the need for the development of SMEs. One of such Sectorial strategies is the introduction and pursuit of policies such as concessionary financing to encourage and strengthen the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. However, a well-functioning and regulated informal economy will be a critical prerequisite to sustainable growth. This is because the link between, informality and Investment in Nigeria is not fully understood. This study seeks to investigate the nexus between Informal Financial Institutions and Investment in Nigeria. A binomial Logit Linear Regression approach was employed with data from structured questionnaires having Investment and repayment plan as variables. The finding revealed that the odd ratio of investment against the IFIs chance of alleviating poverty in north central-states-Nigeria is 2.21. The study therefore concluded that there exists a significant relationship between IFIs and Investment in north central Nigeria. The study recommends among others that there is the need for the government to utilize Informal Financial Institutions in its poverty reduction programmes, since about 75 percent of the Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) could assess credit for investment through them. This will go a long way in promoting inclusive growth in the country
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    INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS' CREDIT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NORTH CENTRAL-NIGERIA
    (Lafia Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2018-02-02) Mohammed Yelwa (PhD); Obansa S.A.J (PhD); Awe Emmanuel Omoniyi
    This study seeks to investigate the link between Informal Financial Institutions' Credit and Poverty Alleviation in North Central States Nigeria. A Binomial Logit Regression approach was employed with data from structured questionnaires having IFIs credit and SMEDEV as variables. The finding revealed that there is a significant impact of Informal Financial Institutions' Credit and poverty alleviation in north central-states-Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that there exists a significant relationship between IFIs credit and poverty alleviation in north central-Nigeria.The study recommends among others that education of the rural poor to embark on viable projects, disbursement of fund through Informal Financial Institutions (IFIs) and favorable government policiesso asto make the sector becomesrelevant.
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    AGRICULTURAL PRICE DISTORTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
    (Progressive Academic Publishing UK, 2015-02-02) Benedict Akanegbu, N
    This research examines the effects of agricultural Price Distortions on output in the agricultural sector of Nigeria. Specifically, the study tests the hypotheses that agricultural price distortions are inversely related to output growth in the same sector. The conclusiveness of all previous studies on this problem has not been without doubt largely because their analyses were based on multi-country cross-section data and aggregate price distortion indices. The present study seeks to overcome this failing by disaggregating the price distortions sector-wise for a single country, namely, Nigeria. The study adopts a model based on a modified neoclassical production function where agricultural exports are taken as inputs. Agricultural price distortions cause a wedge between the domestic and foreign price of agricultural exports and thereby reduce the volume of trade and, in consequence, the real GNP as well. And to derive consistent, unbiased, and efficient estimators of the structural equations, the model so developed was estimated by ordinary least square (OLS) method. The analysis confirms the view that agricultural price distortions have a significant and negative influence on agricultural output. An important implication of the study is that reforms of agricultural pricing policies should constitute a major component of any remedial program designed to accelerate economic growth in a country like Nigeria. If her agricultural sector is to become modern and efficient, they should be given the opportunity and the motivation to reduce costs. Indiscriminate reduction of the rate of protection and the reduction of the implicit taxes on exports alone are not the correct or adequate solution. Better physical infrastructure, better education and training, and more modernized agricultural experience can contribute to the ability to reduce costs and raise productivity.
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    Effects of Economic Growth on Poverty Reduction In Nigeria
    (IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 2018-02-02) Oyegoke Ebunoluwa; Wasiu Yusuf
    This paper explored the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction in Nigeria using a time series data spanning from 1980-2016. Unit Root and Johansen Cointegration tests were carried out to determine stationarity and long-run relationship among the variables respectively, while the VAR was carried out to determine the effect of Government expenditure, unemployment growth rate and Real GDP on poverty incidence. The result shows that Government expenditure is positively related to poverty incidence. This suggests that the poor are not benefitting from the economy at large, especially from total government expenditure. The GDP coefficient (a proxy for economic growth) conforms to the a-priori expectation, which depicts a negative relationship between economic growth and poverty incidence, while unemployment relates positively to poverty reduction. Therefore, the government should work more on job creations by focusing more on the labour -intensive sectors, basically, Agricultural and Industrial sectors. Also, economic growth and government spending should be directed at the pro-poor projects, mostly the Bottom-40 percent by providing the essential amenities, especially good infrastructures, financial benefits and aids to families with dependant children, and old people, also, medical aids should be available for the poor
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    A Critical Appraisal of Modern Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management (IJCBEM), 2022-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Odo Emmanuel
    The modern healthcare delivery was introduced in Nigeria by Missionaries and was advocated by the colonial administration. In its years of existence, it was effective and actually met the health needs of the populace. However, in the last few years the quality and services in the country had declined to the extent that citizens with complicated health problems are now compelled to travel outside the shores of the country for proper medication. The paper examines the history and structure of modern health care delivery in Nigeria and as well examines its importance on the wellbeing of the people. It also examines some of the challenges that have bedevilled modern healthcare delivery in the country. Significant of these challenges are poor funding of the health sector; dearth of qualified health personnel, inadequate health facilities, prevalence of corrupt practices within the health sector among others. The paper recommended amongst others, an increase in budgetary allocation for the health sector, training and re training of health personnel in Nigeria for effective service delivery.
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    Effects of Substance Use on Violent Crimes in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Journal of International Relations, Security and Economic Studies (JIRSES), 2024-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Saidu Ahmed
    Substance use and violent crime are menace currently affecting every aspect of human society. Substance use otherwise known as drug use is becoming rampant and out of control in Nigeria. The paper examines public perception of the effects of substance use on violent crimes in Nasarawa state. The objectives include; identify the substances that are commonly used, examine the effects of alcohol abuse on incidence of violent crime and assess the effects of marijuana use on violent crimes. To further explain the relationship between substance use and violent crime, rational choice theory was adopted to explain the phenomenon. Survey design was adopted using questionnaire as the main instrument to collect the primary data for this study from the respondents. Data collected through questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics of simple percentage tables. The findings revealed that alcohol and marijuana are the common substances available for use/abuse in Nasarawa State. The paper also revealed that the abuse of alcohol often leads to violent crimes. It was equally revealed that marijuana use is associated with violent crimes as people who use marijuana predisposed to all manners of violent behaviour like assault, rape, stealing/robbery and murder. It would be concluded that substance use has adverse effect on violent crimes in Nasarawa State. The study recommends that the government should educate public on the danger of substance use/abuse in order to discourage users from the act thereby reducing violent crimes in the State. The State government should establish a counselling unit across the State where trained criminologists would give substance users orientation and advice on how to discourage them from using substances.
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    Factors Influencing the Emergence of Community Involvement in Crime Control in Kuje Area Council of Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Migration, Security, and Peace Studies (IJMSPS), 2025-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Ugwu-Amadieze Martins Onyeanwa
    The study examined the factors that led to emergence of community involvement in crime control in Kuje Area Council of Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. The widespread of crime in modern society have called for serious concern to all citizens and becomes a worrisome issue in Nigeria. Many communities in Nigeria have experienced different types of crimes in recent years. The increase in crime rates and the inability of the Nigeria police and other security agencies to deal with the situation effectively have given rise to community involvement as a supplement to traditional policing. The study utilized broken window theory to explain the problem. The study employed survey research design using cluster sampling technique to select 111 respondents from the total population of Kuje Area Council. The data collected through questionnaires were subjected to descriptive statistics which were presented in tables showing frequency and percentage responses of the respondents. In-depth interview conducted was analyzed using content analysis of narration. Based on the findings, the study underlined key factors that led to the emergence of community involvement in crime control is primarily due to a combination of factors including public distrust of the police, their perceived inability to effectively control crime, the rise in crime rates, particularly kidnapping, terrorism, robbery, and drug trafficking, which further highlighted the need for community involvement. The study recommends that the police in the Kuje Area Council of FCT, Abuja should involve community members as a strategy to control crime since they are not sufficient to fight the growing rate of crime in the community. In addition, strengthen collaborative effort between law enforcement agencies and community members in proactive responses to crime and other social vices will go along way in preventing and controlling crimes in FCT and Nigeria as whole.
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    FINANCING HEALTH CARE IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), 2019-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Attah Amana Philip; Ali, Mohammed Attai
    There are many challenges confronting health sector in Nasarawa State, but the issue of inadequate financing of healthcare is a worrisome. And the effects it has caused to the universal health coverage are great. The major factor hindering the path of sustainable health care delivery is poor funding. The health sector requires adequate funding in order to make health services available and affordable to the public. The State government introduced the UHC because it considered healthcare so demanding due to dwindling economy and poverty in the State. More importantly, the introduction of the policy was to guarantee good and qualitative access to efficient healthcare services for all citizens such that it could reduce catastrophic household out-of-pocket health expenditure. Since its introduction and resuscitation in the State, actual implementation of the policy by the State appeared not to have yielded desired result. In the face of achieving UHC, successful financing of health care system continues to be a challenge to the policy. This study therefore made an attempt to situate the impact of financing healthcare on the overall universal health coverage of Nasarawa State. Adopting a structural functionalist approach as a theoretical framework and relying on secondary sources of data, the study revealed the state's low level of coverage among the target population of the policy was recorded which also affects quality of health services provided. The study recommended among others that the state government in collaboration with relevant stakeholders should intensify optimal coverage on the UHC policy. It also suggested increased funding for health programs through increase budgetary allocation to the health sector in the State. The paper concludes that to achieve universal coverage using financing as the strategy, there is a dire need to review the system of financing health care and ensure that resources are used more efficiently while at the same time removing financial barriers to access by shifting focus from OOPs to other hidden resources.
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    Military-Civilian Relationship in Fight against Armed Banditry in North-West, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies (IJPCS), 2024-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Smah Deborah Hembafan
    Insecurity has worsened in North-West Nigeria, due to the activities of armed banditry, necessitating the deployments and operations of the military. The banditry has affects individuals, groups and the society in general. It leads to wanton destruction of lives and property, social dislocation and also necessitates government diversion of its resources that are meant for development to the fight armed bandits. The role play by civilians in fight against armed bandits cannot be overemphasized, as civilians’ cooperation are needed in the area of providing useful information and identification of bandits as well as the formation of local vigilante groups. The cooperation between the civilians and the military has always been one important part of societal development as these have always worked together to ensure peace and security in the society. The paper attempted to examines the importance of the military and the civilian working together to ensure peace in North-Western Nigeria especially during the ongoing war against banditry. The paper utilized mainly secondary sources of information through the review of relevant literatures particularly academic peer review. The paper revealed that the civilian population has played an important role in raising its voice to ensure the fight against banditry is won. Therefore, the paper recommends that the relationship between the civilians and the military should be strengthened through the provision of certain incentives to the civilians who provide useful security information on how to identify the bandits. In addition, the government should educate both the civilians and the military on their respective roles to fight banditry in Nigeria.
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    National Health Insurance Scheme and Civil Servants’ Satisfaction with Health Services in FCT, Abuja Nigeria
    (International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), 2022-02-02) Odo Emmanuel; Ogye Danlami Okolo
    National health insurance scheme provides a platform for mobilizing revenue for health services and enhances universal health care in Nigeria. In addition, civil servants’ satisfaction with health services under the scheme helps in identifying gaps and provides evidence toward strengthening the scheme. This study assessed enrollees’ (civil servants) knowledge about the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and satisfaction with health services provided under the scheme. The paper attempted to highlight the importance of NHIS and the attitudes of civil servants towards the scheme in FCT, Abuja Nigeria especially during the ongoing war against covid-19 pandemic and other related diseases. The paper utilized mainly secondary sources through the review of relevant literatures. The paper found that civil servants in FCT, Abuja have sound understanding of the scheme, but the echelon of satisfaction with quality of health services available is not commendable. Therefore, the paper recommends that there is an urgent need to improve on all areas of quality of services to improve satisfaction with care among civil servants in the scheme.