Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences

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Africa And Regional Integration
(Uzu Journal, 2021-02-02) Alexander, Wancelous Avong; Garba Dimas
This study interrogates the regional integration in Africa with emphasis on the challenges. Data was obtained from secondary sources such as academic journals, books and official reports. Content analysis method was also adopted for the research. It was explained from the prism of the Regional Integration Theory. The study concludes that regional integration in Africa will serve as a vehicle for Africa’s socio-economic development. However, poor human development (human capital), poor infrastructure and the overlapping membership of Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in Africa are the challenges of regional integration in Africa. In order to realize the potentials of regional integration in Africa, this work recommend that, the African Union (AU) countries should ensure counterpart funding on education, health and informal economy should be encouraged among nation-states of AU. The establishment of joint border patrol between and among member states of RECs to curb the incidence of trans-border criminal activities; the deepening of internal democracy within AU member states so as to make citizens to be civil in their dealings, imbue in leaders and security agencies greater respect for people’s rights and freedoms. The construction of power plant for energy; good roads and railroads among states of Africa should be encouraged. Counterpart funding among AU member states should be institutionalised. The member states of the AU should rationalise their relations with states in Africa and others. This is to allow synergy in terms of policies for the common development of Africa.
An analysis of the major factors of hate speech in the Nigerian digital environment
(Journal of Communication and Media Research,, 2024-02-02) Suemo Shagbaor Jacob; Abdullateef Muhammed; Ahmad Murtada Busair
Relying on the existing literature and empirical works, this study takes explorative perspective to identifying social media platforms that mostly propagate hate speech in Nigeria and some of the factors responsible for its spread. Anchored on the assumptions of the technological determinism theory and based on secondary data in the literature, this study found Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter as the mostly used digital channels for hate speech among Nigerians. It was also found that explosion of hate speech on social media were factored by political interests and freedom of speech as well as ethnic and religious sentiments. it is therefore suggested that the menace of hate speech on social media can be mitigated if the Nigerian government could come up with anti-hate laws and proactive counter-statements policy through the instrumentation of Nigerian Communication Commission and the National Orientation Agency.
Depending on the Media
(SEARCH: The Journal of the South East Asia Research centre for Communication and Humanities, 2012-02-02) Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu; Md. Sidin Ahmad Ishak
This study examines the relationship between viewers’ dependence on major international news media and their opinions on how core issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could be resolved. The study is premised on the theoretical assumption that Media System Dependency (MSD) can be helpful as a means of evaluating the importance of particular media outlets in determining opinion and behaviour. The study utilises mixed content analysis and survey methods. The content analysis focuses on within-article salience to determine relative media emphasis on core issues of the conflict. The survey involved over 600 viewers of BBC World, Al-Jazeera English, CNN International and Press TV across Nigeria and Malaysia, and focuses on the viewers’ opinions on how to resolve core issues of the conflict. Results show that dependence on media sources predicted and explained significant proportions of the viewers’ opinions on how each core issues of the conflict, including the status of Hamas in the peace process could be resolved. No significant relationship was found between dependence on media sources and the viewers’ opinions on which of the core issues require the most urgent attention in resolving the conflict. In conclusion, media’s presence in the viewers’ opinions on how core issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could be resolved was relative to the viewers’ dependence on the media sources, thus backing the theoretical assumption of MSD and the proposition that media are able to shape peace in Israel/Palestine by applying coverage to the structure of peace in the conflict.
Digital Conversations on the Blogosphere
(Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 2018-02-02) Elega Adeola Abdulateef
Blogs or weblogs are shared online journals that allow individuals or groups to share entries about their experiences, ideas and opinions. One of its common feature; the comment section, is the major facilitator of digital conversations on the blogosphere and it has earned little scholarly effort unlike news entries. Through a qualitative research technique of in-depth interview among fifteen active blog visitors of Linda Ikeji, a Nigerian A-list blog, this study sought to understand why blog readers involve or engage themselves in digital conversations on blogs. Findings show that that blog visitors seem to be primarily motivated to involve themselves in digital conversation for three main reasons; opinion sharing (Checking other commenters/ blogger and, alternating the dominant flow of conversation) digital conversational perks and interest.
Ethnicity and Nationalism in Nigeria
(International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 2019-02-02) Yahaya Yakubu
The underlying literally endeavor sets out to investigate the resulting identity crisis that derives from the interplay between ethnic and nationalist ideologies. The search for identity has and continues to be of immeasurable significant in man’s quest for significance and meaning, more so in Africa where self-consciousness remains in crisis having been assailed from of myriad of directions. The once enduring racial consciousness, shared faith of colonial subjugation and quest for self-actualization that propelled nationalist ideologies in Nigeria, has since waned off and regressed into ethno-consciousness based on shared languages and geographical proximity amongst other primordial factors. Exploring the interplay from the theoretical perspective of relative deprivation, the study concludes comparison and established or perceived feeling of superiority has pitched ethnicity groups against each other. The notion that one group is better than the other base on access or inaccess to resources and political has driven the dual identity crisis in contemporary Nigeria. To address the unhealthy competition from power certain state policies need to be reviewed or enhance to reflect the foundations of the federal character principle in particular. Further claiming the near monocropic nature of the Nigerian state as a defining attribute of ethnic antagonism.
Globalization and Transnational Security Threats in the Sahel Sub-Region
(REVISTA EdeDC, 2025-02-02) Mustapha Sheikh Abdullahi; Garba Dimas
The powerful force of globalization has an impact on the political and economic processes of the modern world. The Sahel Sub-region's transnational security challenges and globalization are examined in this paper. This study adopted a practical methodology. This strategy supports mixed methods research by fusing positivist and interpretive viewpoints. Two African nations in the Sahel subregion make up the study's population. Nigeria and Mali are included in this. These nations were chosen because they were known for their instability and transnational threats. In this study, stratified and purposeful sampling methods were employed. One hundred twenty (120) respondents made up the study's sample, and a questionnaire was used to collect data. 60 male and 60 female students were chosen from the nations in the study area to make up the gender-based sample. The results showed that the free movement of products and services between countries has not accelerated the spread of light weapons and small arms in the Sahel subregion.The spread of light weapons and small arms, among other things, has a big impact on the insecurity that exists in Sahelian border villages. The study also discovered that transnational crimes and counter-insurgency tactics in the Sahel region are significantly impacted by the military incapacity of the Sahelian heads of state. The study comes to the conclusion that the rise of internally displaced camps and the terrorists' control over large areas of land are indicators of the failing state of several Sahelian states. The groups of terrorists are moving forward. They are not always looking for ways to use the resources made possible by globalization to grow and spread and wreak more damage.
Has Blog Reader–Focused Research Evolved?
(SAGE Open, 2020-02-02) Elega Adeola Abdulateef; Bahire Efe Özad; Felix Oloyede; Olabola Taye Omisore; Omar Abu Arqoub
For many years, researchers interested in the blogosphere have collectively acknowledged the lack of scholarly attention into the role of blog readers in the blogging activity. While many pioneering studies as well as new studies have highlighted the rising potential of this field, there has been no systematic examination of the growth or lack thereof of this field. As a result, this article reviews blog reader–focused research between 2008 and 2018 through a content analysis of blog reader–focused research articles obtained from seven databases: EBSCO’s Academic Search Complete, JSTOR, EBSCO’s Communication & Mass Media Complete, SAGE Journals, Elega’s Chronological Arrangement of Blog Readership Research, Wiley Online Library, and Taylor and Francis. We also identified the methods, theories, geospatial concentration, and journals that published these articles. Findings show that although at least one article was published each year with a peak of six in 2013 and 2015, blog reader–focused research has not really evolved given that concentration has tremendously decreased in the last 3 years (2016–2018). Regarding genres, we learnt that the majority of articles focused on political blogs, and most of the studies adopted quantitative research methods and survey as a data collection method. The results also show that blog reader–focused studies published between 2008 and 2018 used Uses and Gratification Theory more than other theories, and the majority of these articles focused on blogs in the United States. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, New Media &Society, and Computers in Human Behavior published more blog reader–focused research than other journals.
Influence of Ideological Themes in Social Media Political Campaigns on Voters' Education and Participation in Nigeria's 2023 General Elections
(Journal of Basic and Applied Research International, 2023-02-02) Suemo Shagbaor Jacob; Ternenge Kusugh; Beatrice Okonkwo
This study adopted mixed research methods to investigate how ideological themes in social media political campaigns have influenced voters’ education and participation in Nigeria’s 2023 general elections. Through questionnaire and interview research instruments, the study found that in the last 2023 General Elections, Facebook was more often used for political campaigns in Nigeria compared to Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, google+, Facebook, WhatsApp and Blogs. These social media platforms, as the findings demonstrated, were more accessible to the voters thus, have easily became tools for political campaigns and were used to a great extent for that purpose. Unfortunately, as finding indicated, the ideological themes dominant in these platforms (social media) were to a great extent, negative as they were dominated by insults, abuse of opponents, hate speeches, falsehood, blame shifting, ethnocentric and religious undertones, anxiety and apathy among others, thereby, to a great extent, contributing to apathy among majority of voters in participating in the elections. Posting, commenting and sharing were the various ways through which those ideological campaign messages were spread to voters during the period of the last elections. The study concluded that social media has come to stay as platforms for use among stakeholders during political campaigns but its influence is abused by negative ideological construction which to a great extent, affects voters’ education and turn up in elections in Nigeria.
Interrogating State Response in the Management of Banditry activities in Nigeria
(2023-02-02) P.P. Izah; Uchenna S. Nzeako; Garba Dimas; Yerima, E. Gyong
Armed banditry is fast becoming a new normal life in Nigeria. From the North-East to the North-West, to North-Central and from the South-East, South-West and South-South; the story is the same, armed bandits have taken over both govern and ungoverned spaces in Nigeria. Nigerians are currently living in palpable fears of been kidnapped by armed bandits. Travelling across the country by road or even by rail is now a nightmare. This paper therefore interrogated the state's response in the management of banditry activates in Nigeria, with special focus on Katsina State; which to many, has become the epicenter of these armed bandits. The paper deployed Hearts and Minds (HAM) theory as its framework of analysis. The paper collected data from primary sources such as questionnaire and secondary sources such as books, journals, newspapers/magazines and online materials among others. Data collected from the field survey were presented in tables and descriptively analysed. The paper found that that armed banditry has been prevalent in the state in recent times, and has become a new normal life for the people of the state. Based on this finding, the paper recommended among others that, the activities of informants should be tackled by the security agencies especially, the Directorate of State Services (DSS). Furthermore, the government should urgently address the problem of unemployment, which is a major cause of banditry activities in the state.
Intra-Elite Conflict and Problems of Governance in Nigeria
(Global Journals Inc. (USA), 2017-02-02) I. S Ladan-Baki; Chigozie Enwere
In modern African politics, terrorism and failed state syndrome have became prevalent and a challenge to democratic values and virtues of good governance, posing great threat and stress to the survival of domestic political systems. This increasing political stress is a product of competition and struggle for power and supremacy among players in the executive and legislative organs of government, which has reduced the parliament to a rubber stamp of power seekers as well as the use of electoral violence as instruments of regime change. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the root cause of political struggle and problems of good governance in Africa by analyzing the variables of intra-elite crisis in the parliament and the quest for establishment of spheres of influence by players in the executive arm.
Investigating the use and perception of West African Pidgin English among West African university students in Northern Cyprus
(Globe: A Journal of Language, Culture and Communication, 2016-02-02) Elega Adeola Abdulateef
This study sought to establish the usage of Pidgin English among University students from three West African countries studying in Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus. A sample of 129 students from Nigeria, Cameroon, and Ghana was selected and surveyed to determine the use, importance, perception and attitude towards Pidgin English. Findings show that most respondents watch Pidgin English comedy video clips. They speak Pidgin English while conversing on mobile phones and they chat with Pidgin English. In addition, respondents’ perception of Pidgin English was generally positive and a slew of respondents accedes that Pidgin English is important because it is a language with less grammatical rules and it connects West African students together abroad. Furthermore, we found that majority of them agreed that the language is underrated but easy to learn and it is worthy of international recognition.
Media And Interpersonal Persuasions in The Polio Eradication Campaign In Northern Nigeria
(Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2010-02-02) Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu
This study is premised on the increasing global concerns over the widespread resistance to polio eradication campaign in northern Nigeria. It aims to determine the level of campaign acceptance and compare the influences of mass media and interpersonal communication sources in Zaria local government area, being one of the high-risk (WPV-endemic) areas in northern Nigeria, where campaign resistance is known to be high. By way of quantitative survey, the study utilized 10% sample of the populations of eight out of the thirteen Wards in Zaria local government area, with a response rate of 78.6%. Findings reveal close ranks between campaign acceptance and resistance in the local government area, thus further confirming the difficulties still faced in polio eradication campaign in the region. This study also indicates higher performance of Interpersonal than Mass Media sources in influencing campaign acceptance and resistance in the local communities. Contact with friends and relations was rated the most influential interpersonal sources in the acceptance and resistance decision of individuals, while newspapers and magazines were rated most influential media sources that influenced campaign resistance in the local communities. The study concludes that a polio eradication campaign, backed with competent and sufficient communication expertise that utilizes knowledge-based indigenous interpersonal communication strategies will likely result in greater community acceptance in northern Nigeria.
National Border Closure as Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Foreign Policy Development in Nigeria
(International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 2020-02-02) Emenike Joseph Okorie; Chigozie Enwere
As the government of Nigeria ordered the closure of its national land borders in August 2019 to curtail illegal cross-border import and export of goods and smuggling of arms, many of the neighboring countries whose economies depend heavily on trade with Nigeria have criticized this action due to the hardship it has brought on trans-border commercial activities. This paper examines the impact of border closure on regional trade between Nigeria and its neighbors. It also examines the potential impact of the border closure on Nigeria’s relations with other African nations and overall implications on Nigeria’s foreign policy. Coming from the Economic Nationalism theoretical perspective, the paper understands the Nigerian government action as a reflection of the government's drive to take total control of the nation’s resources and maximize these for the overall benefit of the citizens. The government policy places the interest of Nigeria first, above the competing interests of other African nations. Although the Nigerian border closure has the potential of adversely impacting regional trade arrangements, including the recent African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), the paper contends that the Nigerian government action upholds the country’s concentric circle foreign policy idea which advocates prioritization of the interest and welfare of citizens over the nation’s interests in West Africa, Africa, and the wider world.
Nigeria’s Contribution to Africa’s Regional Integration
(African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies (AJPAS), 2023-02-02) Garba Dimas
This paper investigates the recent performance of Nigeria towards Africa’s regional integration as a major power in Africa. The main objective of the research is to determine the extent of Nigeria’s commitment to the realization of the African Union’s vision of becoming a fully integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa; and a dynamic force at the global level. Since her independence in 1960, Nigeria has been widely acknowledged as a leading power in Africa (The Giant of Africa) by several studies because of its preponderant political, economic and militarily power; influence; and benevolent contributions regarding to the liberation and progress of Africa. However, there are hardly substantive assessments of its recent performance towards Africa’s integration. The study adopts the Hegemonic Stability Theory; and descriptive analysis method to analyze data obtained from secondary sources. Analysis of the 2016 and 2019 Regional Integration Index (ARII) reports covering the period from 2010-2019 reveals that Nigeria has performed poorly towards the continent’s integration among its peers, both at the continental and sub-regional levels. The paper concludes that Nigeria’s poor performance would significantly slow the acceleration of Africa’s integration; and the country risks losing its leadership position in Africa to its rivals, especially South Africa. It recommends that the Nigerian government should take deliberate steps in formulating and implementing policies that would improve its performance across the five dimensions of the regional integration; and it should strengthen its commitment to consolidate its leadership position in Africa, and motivate smaller countries to contribute their best.
Non-monetary Compensation and Employees’ Performance in the Transmission Company of Nigeria, Abuja
(Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2024-02-02) Abel Ehizojie Oigbochie; Stanley Nwannebuife Ajalie; Okwara Princewill
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of non-monetary compensation on employees performance in the transmission company of Nigeria. Man is generally perceived as an economic man, as his economic well being is what fuels his desire to give his best for the growth and sustainability of his organisation. Over the years employees have persistently clamoured for better remuneration, thereby leading to agitation between employee union and management. This article identified employee recognition, promotion, praise and office environment as constructs for measuring non-monetary compensation in this study. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data was collected from a sample size of 214 respondents. Data was analysed using regression analysis via the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS). Findings from the study showed that Praise (PR) = .78-0.63, Promotion (PRT) = .78-0.9, Employee Recognition (ER) =.78- 0.24 and Office Environment (OE) = .78-0.14 all have a significant effect on employees performance in the transmission company of Nigeria. The study recommends other non-monetary compensation packages like shopping vouchers, praise dinners and trophies in order to boost productivity in the organisation.
Patterns of the Influence of Social Media Reports of Coronavirus on the Residents of Select Cities in Nigeria
(2020-02-02) Suemo Shagbaor Jacob; Ayabam B. Nyiete; Ternenge Kusugh
This study is an examination of the patterns of the influence of social media reports on coronavirus on users in select Nigerian cities. Mixed research design comprising quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted with the questionnaire and interview guide schedule used as the research instruments. Thus, a sample size of 1,111 respondents was statistically determined and proportionately distributed across the sampled cities (Bauchi, Kano, Makurdi, Port Harcourt, Awka and Lagos respectively). The findings showed that acceptance of facemasks, personal responsibility in adherence to coronavirus prevention protocols, increased sensitivity to symptoms of the virus, enhanced social distancing and improved hygiene consciousness among the people were the various patterns of influence of social media reports on coronavirus among sampled respondents. The findings further showed that some mediating variables such as knowledge level, cultural values, traditional and religious beliefs and individual interests were core in propelling the effect process of socially-mediated coronavirus reports among the study population. Thus, the researchers concluded that a significant relationship exists between coronavirus reports on social media and behaviour change among Nigerians. The researchers, therefore, recommended a coordinated tactical approach to the conception and production of social media reports on coronavirus with a view to ensuring that only fairly objective, accurate and credible sourced reports are transmitted about the virus on social media to help identify a point of convergence across the identified patterns of effects.
Textual Analysis of Media Propaganda in Local News Surrounding Post-Election Threats in Nigeria
(Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science, 2024-02-02) Suemo Shagbaor Jacob; Omale Gloria Eneh; Ternenge Kusugh
Media propaganda has been a common tool for political actors to influence public perception and opinion. In the aftermath of the 2023 general elections exercise held in Nigeria, the issue of postelection threats dominated local news coverage. This study has made use of textual analysis approach to analyse the media propaganda in local news surrounding post-election threats in Nigeria and the implications of such propaganda on the receiving audience. The study was anchored on the Media Framing Theory and is supported by the Agenda Setting Theory. A textual analysis of selected local news stories was conducted to identify dominant themes and the framing of the post-election threats from four online newspapers. The research showed that me threats in Nigeria. From textual analytical submissions, the study concluded that when unchecked, media agenda and framing unnecessarily heat up the polity, deepen misunderstanding and inspire anarchy.
The Challenges of Regional Integration and Effective Implementation of African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Policy in Africa
(African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies (AJPAS), 2023-02-02) Garba Dimas; Wancelous Avong Alexander
The paper is an investigation of the challenges of regional integration in Africa and their effects on the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) policy. The major objective of the paper is to proffer solutions to the challenges for the effective actualization of the policy. The assumptions of the neo-liberal theory were used to support the AfCFTA initiative to promote economic growth and development in Africa. The data used to advance the argument were obtained from secondary sources of data collection. The study finds that language barrier, multiple currencies, porosity of borders, foreign interference, political instability and insecurity, poor human development, over-lapping of membership of sub-regional organizations, poor state of infrastructure, and state-centric nature of integration initiatives are some of the core challenges hindering the effective execution of the AfCFTA policy. The study recommends that the African Union (AU) should intensify effort at realizing a single currency policy for Africa; design comprehensive regional security architecture to include high technological surveillance, joint air and ground border patrol among member states of Regional Economic Communities (RECs) to address trans-border crimes and insecurity. There should also be institutionalization of counterpart funding among AU member-states for infrastructural development; and encouragement of private and civil society participation in the integration initiative, among others. In concludes that if the challenges identified are not effectively addressed, it will be very difficult for the AU to successfully realize the objectives of the AfCFTA policy.
The Dimensions and Challenges of Turkey-Africa Political Relations
(Turkish Journal of Politics (TJP), 2014-02-02) Chigozie Enwere
This work analyzes the impact of ethnically and religiously motivated conlict on Nigerian foreign policy. Here Boko Haram armed group whose motivators to emerge are mainly religious and ethnic is chosen as the case. It analyzes the impact of ethnically and religiously motivated Boko Haram armed menace in the north-east of the country on Nigerian foreign policy. In the context of bilateral relations, this work looked at how Boko Haram menace afected US-Nigeria bilateral relations, EU-Nigeria bilateral relations, the relations between Nigeria and its neighbors, Nigeria-African Union relations and Nigeria-ECOWAS relations.
The philanthrocapitalism of Google News Initiative in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East – Empirical reflections
(International Journal of Cultural Studies, 2018-02-02) Munoriyarwa Allen; De-Lima-Santos - Mathias Felipe; Mesquita Lucia; Elega Adeola Abdulateef
Challenge aimed at bolstering journalism by encouraging innovation in media organizations. This study, conducted through 36 in-depth interviews with GNI beneficiaries in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, reveals that despite its narrative of enhancing technological innov ation for the media’s future, this scheme inadvertently fosters dependence and extends the phi lanthrocapitalism concept to the media industry on a global scale. Employing a theory-building approach, our research underscores the emergence of a new form of ‘philanthrocapitalism’ that prompts critical questions about the dependency of media organizations on big tech and the motives of these tech giants in their evolving relationship with such institutions. We also dem onstrate that the GNI Innovative Challenge, while ostensibly promoting sustainable business models through technological innovation, poses challenges for organizations striving to sustain and develop these projects. The proposed path to sustainability by the GNI is found to be indir ect and difficult for organizations to navigate, hindering their adoption of new technologies. Additionally, the study highlights the creation of a dependency syndrome among news organiza tions, driven by the perception that embracing GNI initiatives is crucial for survival in the digital age. Ultimately, the research contributes valuable insights to the understanding of these issues, aiming to raise awareness among relevant stakeholders and conceptualize philanthrocapitalism through a new lens.