Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences

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Media And Interpersonal Persuasions in The Polio Eradication Campaign In Northern Nigeria
(Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2010-02-02) Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu
This study is premised on the increasing global concerns over the widespread resistance to polio eradication campaign in northern Nigeria. It aims to determine the level of campaign acceptance and compare the influences of mass media and interpersonal communication sources in Zaria local government area, being one of the high-risk (WPV-endemic) areas in northern Nigeria, where campaign resistance is known to be high. By way of quantitative survey, the study utilized 10% sample of the populations of eight out of the thirteen Wards in Zaria local government area, with a response rate of 78.6%. Findings reveal close ranks between campaign acceptance and resistance in the local government area, thus further confirming the difficulties still faced in polio eradication campaign in the region. This study also indicates higher performance of Interpersonal than Mass Media sources in influencing campaign acceptance and resistance in the local communities. Contact with friends and relations was rated the most influential interpersonal sources in the acceptance and resistance decision of individuals, while newspapers and magazines were rated most influential media sources that influenced campaign resistance in the local communities. The study concludes that a polio eradication campaign, backed with competent and sufficient communication expertise that utilizes knowledge-based indigenous interpersonal communication strategies will likely result in greater community acceptance in northern Nigeria.
Urbanization and its Political Challenges in Developing Countries
(Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 2012-02-02) Kemal Özden; Chigozie Enwere
Developing countries in the twenty-first century is experiencing rapid urbanization with a high concentration of people in the urban areas while the population of people in the rural areas is decreasing due to the rise in rural-urban push which has adverse consequences on the economic and political development of developing countries, in particular African cities. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze the trends and nature of urbanization in Africa from the pre-colonial era to the contemporary period of globalization in order to ascertain the implications of rapid urbanization on the processes of democratic transitions, on the vagaries of food sufficiency and crisis as well as its multiplier effects on the escalating rate of poverty and insurgency in the cities. These problems stem from the lack of good governance, high rate of corruption and the misappropriation of state resources through diverse economic liberalizing reforms and development strategies. Thus, this study affirms that urbanization is a process that requires objective management and institutional role differentiations and performance to create the organizational synergy, moderation and frugality necessary for the equitable distribution of the common wealth for the greatest good of all peoples not only in the urban areas but also in the rural areas which invariably will bring about political and economic development in African cities, and reduce the high incidences of poverty, insurgency and food crisis.
Depending on the Media
(SEARCH: The Journal of the South East Asia Research centre for Communication and Humanities, 2012-02-02) Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu; Md. Sidin Ahmad Ishak
This study examines the relationship between viewers’ dependence on major international news media and their opinions on how core issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could be resolved. The study is premised on the theoretical assumption that Media System Dependency (MSD) can be helpful as a means of evaluating the importance of particular media outlets in determining opinion and behaviour. The study utilises mixed content analysis and survey methods. The content analysis focuses on within-article salience to determine relative media emphasis on core issues of the conflict. The survey involved over 600 viewers of BBC World, Al-Jazeera English, CNN International and Press TV across Nigeria and Malaysia, and focuses on the viewers’ opinions on how to resolve core issues of the conflict. Results show that dependence on media sources predicted and explained significant proportions of the viewers’ opinions on how each core issues of the conflict, including the status of Hamas in the peace process could be resolved. No significant relationship was found between dependence on media sources and the viewers’ opinions on which of the core issues require the most urgent attention in resolving the conflict. In conclusion, media’s presence in the viewers’ opinions on how core issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could be resolved was relative to the viewers’ dependence on the media sources, thus backing the theoretical assumption of MSD and the proposition that media are able to shape peace in Israel/Palestine by applying coverage to the structure of peace in the conflict.
The Dimensions and Challenges of Turkey-Africa Political Relations
(Turkish Journal of Politics (TJP), 2014-02-02) Chigozie Enwere
This work analyzes the impact of ethnically and religiously motivated conlict on Nigerian foreign policy. Here Boko Haram armed group whose motivators to emerge are mainly religious and ethnic is chosen as the case. It analyzes the impact of ethnically and religiously motivated Boko Haram armed menace in the north-east of the country on Nigerian foreign policy. In the context of bilateral relations, this work looked at how Boko Haram menace afected US-Nigeria bilateral relations, EU-Nigeria bilateral relations, the relations between Nigeria and its neighbors, Nigeria-African Union relations and Nigeria-ECOWAS relations.
War Journalism on Israel/Palestine
(Media, War & Conflict, 2014-02-02) Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu
Apart from giving voices to the voiceless, the coming of Aljazeera English and Press TV as an alternative perspective in the global news sphere was thought to herald an important departure from the war journalism that describes the attitude of the dominant media to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. To track this expectation, this study adopted the peace journalism model to examine how Aljazeera English and Press TV have responded to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in the recent past compared to BBC World and CNN International. Findings show that similar patterns of war journalism are reproduced in the alternative perspective with counter-demonizing language and disagreements on the identity of terrorists. Peace journalism contents in the alternative perspective, as in the dominant perspective, are engendered more by events of the peace process and peace propaganda than by the much ideated conciliatory media.
Attendance Dilemma and its Effects on the Academic Performance of Secondary Schools’ Students in Osun State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2014-02-02) Fabgenle Ayoola Olufunke; Elegbeleye Ayotunde Oluwadamilola
Worried by the dwindling academic performance of students in the various national examinations in Nigeria in recent times, this study examined the causes of attendance challenge and their impact on the academic performance of Secondary Schools’ students in Osun State of Nigeria. To achieve this aim, scores in attendance and examinations for 3,050 students in the last three years were collected from 61 state-owned Secondary Schools out of a total of 208 Schools in the State. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested in this respect while descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were adopted for the analysis. The results indicated that the average attendance scores of students across the ten constituencies in the state are proportional to their examination scores. Also, parents/guardians ranked poverty level (M = 3.96), unbearable extra fees imposed on students by the school authority (M = 3.95) and high cost of instructional materials (M = 3.93) as major significant causes for their wards’ absenteeism at school. The results of Chi-square value (χ2 cal = 26.35 > χ2 tab =7.32) for the test of hypothesis showed that a significant relationship exists between class attendance and academic performance of Secondary School students in the study area. It was concluded that a mechanism should be put in place by the State Government to curb the extra fees being charged by the various school authorities.
Understanding the Role of Technology in Free and Fair Elections in Developing Countries
(Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 2015-02-02) Chigozie Enwere; Ibrahim LADAN-BAKI
Over the years accreditation of voters has been done using the manual method of painstakingly browsing through the voluminous voters register to verify if the voter is allowed to vote or not. Also the smart card reader has checkmated the problems of election rigging and multiple voting. On the other hand due to the aggressive voter‟s education campaign by the Independent National Electoral Commission(INEC), party stalwarts and agents who descend on polling units on election days to woo the electorate by offering them gift items and cash if they cast their votes in favor of a political party failed. However this paper will attempt to demonstrate how the introduction of the smart card readers by INEC reduced election rigging and inflated results as compared to previous elections. The research subscribed to the use of primary data to gather first-hand information from its respondents. This paper concluded that the smart card readers introduced by INEC have indeed tackled the menace of over inflated votes and also the voters education by INEC on not to accept gift and monies from political parties at the poling units has furtherenlightened the electorate on the rules at the polling units. However, we recommend that there should be an improvement on the smart card readers so that a voter can be accredited and vote at any part of the country. Also INEC should link up with the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) so as to make the National Identity Card become the voter‟s card.
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
(Progressive Academic Publishing, UK, 2015-02-02) Muhammad M. Yakubu; Benedict Akanegbu N
There has been a long held belief that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and increased levels of international trade. Therefore, this paper has empirically examined the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2012. Using degree of openness to proxy international trade, the ordinary least squares technique was employed to estimate the impact of international trade on Gross Domestic Product. The broad objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria based on time series data on variables considered relevant indicators of economic growth and international trade. The analysis was based on data extracted from World Bank data and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The result of the analysis shows that all the variables except interest rate were statistically significant. Therefore, the study recommends that policy makers should adopt policies on trade liberalization such as reduction of non-tariff barriers, reducing tariffs, reducing or eliminating quotas that will enable the economy to grow at spectacular rates. And thus this study supports the proposition that degree of openness has direct robust relationship with economic growth since the proxy variable is positive and statistically significant in the model.
AGRICULTURAL PRICE DISTORTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
(Progressive Academic Publishing UK, 2015-02-02) Benedict Akanegbu, N
This research examines the effects of agricultural Price Distortions on output in the agricultural sector of Nigeria. Specifically, the study tests the hypotheses that agricultural price distortions are inversely related to output growth in the same sector. The conclusiveness of all previous studies on this problem has not been without doubt largely because their analyses were based on multi-country cross-section data and aggregate price distortion indices. The present study seeks to overcome this failing by disaggregating the price distortions sector-wise for a single country, namely, Nigeria. The study adopts a model based on a modified neoclassical production function where agricultural exports are taken as inputs. Agricultural price distortions cause a wedge between the domestic and foreign price of agricultural exports and thereby reduce the volume of trade and, in consequence, the real GNP as well. And to derive consistent, unbiased, and efficient estimators of the structural equations, the model so developed was estimated by ordinary least square (OLS) method. The analysis confirms the view that agricultural price distortions have a significant and negative influence on agricultural output. An important implication of the study is that reforms of agricultural pricing policies should constitute a major component of any remedial program designed to accelerate economic growth in a country like Nigeria. If her agricultural sector is to become modern and efficient, they should be given the opportunity and the motivation to reduce costs. Indiscriminate reduction of the rate of protection and the reduction of the implicit taxes on exports alone are not the correct or adequate solution. Better physical infrastructure, better education and training, and more modernized agricultural experience can contribute to the ability to reduce costs and raise productivity.
Investigating the use and perception of West African Pidgin English among West African university students in Northern Cyprus
(Globe: A Journal of Language, Culture and Communication, 2016-02-02) Elega Adeola Abdulateef
This study sought to establish the usage of Pidgin English among University students from three West African countries studying in Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus. A sample of 129 students from Nigeria, Cameroon, and Ghana was selected and surveyed to determine the use, importance, perception and attitude towards Pidgin English. Findings show that most respondents watch Pidgin English comedy video clips. They speak Pidgin English while conversing on mobile phones and they chat with Pidgin English. In addition, respondents’ perception of Pidgin English was generally positive and a slew of respondents accedes that Pidgin English is important because it is a language with less grammatical rules and it connects West African students together abroad. Furthermore, we found that majority of them agreed that the language is underrated but easy to learn and it is worthy of international recognition.
Intra-Elite Conflict and Problems of Governance in Nigeria
(Global Journals Inc. (USA), 2017-02-02) I. S Ladan-Baki; Chigozie Enwere
In modern African politics, terrorism and failed state syndrome have became prevalent and a challenge to democratic values and virtues of good governance, posing great threat and stress to the survival of domestic political systems. This increasing political stress is a product of competition and struggle for power and supremacy among players in the executive and legislative organs of government, which has reduced the parliament to a rubber stamp of power seekers as well as the use of electoral violence as instruments of regime change. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the root cause of political struggle and problems of good governance in Africa by analyzing the variables of intra-elite crisis in the parliament and the quest for establishment of spheres of influence by players in the executive arm.
Does Financial Integration Exist in ECOWAS?
(Core, 2017-02-02) Matthew Oladapo Gidigbi; Benedict Akanegbu N; Modibbo Adama
Free movement of goods, capital, and persons have been the long-term strategic goals of the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) since its establishment. Notwithstanding, financial integration has become more important in deepening political integration in the region than ever. Assessing how far the Regional Economic Community (REC) has achieved her objective of free movement of capital among the member states. Therefore, this study investigated the existence of financial integration in ECOWAS by employing savings-investment equality, popularly known as Feldstein-Horioka Criterion; a panel data for all the 15 member states was fitted into the specified model. The study found that there is the existence of financial integration in the REC, and that language inhibits financial integration and that the coefficient of language dummy stands at -4.8 percent. However, it found that language inhibition of the financial integration in the REC will gradually disappear over time, as the interactive coefficient of language and time stands at - 0.12 percent. This study concludes that a level of financial integration is in existence in the REC. Therefore, the REC is prepared for monetary unification assuming that there will be more substantial trade among the member states.
The philanthrocapitalism of Google News Initiative in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East – Empirical reflections
(International Journal of Cultural Studies, 2018-02-02) Munoriyarwa Allen; De-Lima-Santos - Mathias Felipe; Mesquita Lucia; Elega Adeola Abdulateef
Challenge aimed at bolstering journalism by encouraging innovation in media organizations. This study, conducted through 36 in-depth interviews with GNI beneficiaries in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, reveals that despite its narrative of enhancing technological innov ation for the media’s future, this scheme inadvertently fosters dependence and extends the phi lanthrocapitalism concept to the media industry on a global scale. Employing a theory-building approach, our research underscores the emergence of a new form of ‘philanthrocapitalism’ that prompts critical questions about the dependency of media organizations on big tech and the motives of these tech giants in their evolving relationship with such institutions. We also dem onstrate that the GNI Innovative Challenge, while ostensibly promoting sustainable business models through technological innovation, poses challenges for organizations striving to sustain and develop these projects. The proposed path to sustainability by the GNI is found to be indir ect and difficult for organizations to navigate, hindering their adoption of new technologies. Additionally, the study highlights the creation of a dependency syndrome among news organiza tions, driven by the perception that embracing GNI initiatives is crucial for survival in the digital age. Ultimately, the research contributes valuable insights to the understanding of these issues, aiming to raise awareness among relevant stakeholders and conceptualize philanthrocapitalism through a new lens.
Digital Conversations on the Blogosphere
(Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 2018-02-02) Elega Adeola Abdulateef
Blogs or weblogs are shared online journals that allow individuals or groups to share entries about their experiences, ideas and opinions. One of its common feature; the comment section, is the major facilitator of digital conversations on the blogosphere and it has earned little scholarly effort unlike news entries. Through a qualitative research technique of in-depth interview among fifteen active blog visitors of Linda Ikeji, a Nigerian A-list blog, this study sought to understand why blog readers involve or engage themselves in digital conversations on blogs. Findings show that that blog visitors seem to be primarily motivated to involve themselves in digital conversation for three main reasons; opinion sharing (Checking other commenters/ blogger and, alternating the dominant flow of conversation) digital conversational perks and interest.
Effects of Economic Growth on Poverty Reduction In Nigeria
(IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 2018-02-02) Oyegoke Ebunoluwa; Wasiu Yusuf
This paper explored the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction in Nigeria using a time series data spanning from 1980-2016. Unit Root and Johansen Cointegration tests were carried out to determine stationarity and long-run relationship among the variables respectively, while the VAR was carried out to determine the effect of Government expenditure, unemployment growth rate and Real GDP on poverty incidence. The result shows that Government expenditure is positively related to poverty incidence. This suggests that the poor are not benefitting from the economy at large, especially from total government expenditure. The GDP coefficient (a proxy for economic growth) conforms to the a-priori expectation, which depicts a negative relationship between economic growth and poverty incidence, while unemployment relates positively to poverty reduction. Therefore, the government should work more on job creations by focusing more on the labour -intensive sectors, basically, Agricultural and Industrial sectors. Also, economic growth and government spending should be directed at the pro-poor projects, mostly the Bottom-40 percent by providing the essential amenities, especially good infrastructures, financial benefits and aids to families with dependant children, and old people, also, medical aids should be available for the poor
INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS' CREDIT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NORTH CENTRAL-NIGERIA
(Lafia Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2018-02-02) Mohammed Yelwa (PhD); Obansa S.A.J (PhD); Awe Emmanuel Omoniyi
This study seeks to investigate the link between Informal Financial Institutions' Credit and Poverty Alleviation in North Central States Nigeria. A Binomial Logit Regression approach was employed with data from structured questionnaires having IFIs credit and SMEDEV as variables. The finding revealed that there is a significant impact of Informal Financial Institutions' Credit and poverty alleviation in north central-states-Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that there exists a significant relationship between IFIs credit and poverty alleviation in north central-Nigeria.The study recommends among others that education of the rural poor to embark on viable projects, disbursement of fund through Informal Financial Institutions (IFIs) and favorable government policiesso asto make the sector becomesrelevant.
Informal Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Investment in Nigeria
(Published by Department of Economics, IBB University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria, 2018-02-02) Mohammed Yelwa; Awe Emmanuel; Umar Musa
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) occupy a central place in the economic growth of nations. SMEs have a fundamental role to play in the development of an economy and this cannot be over emphasized. SMEs serve as training arena for local skills and entrepreneurs, and could become channels for mobilizing local savings, ensuring a more equitable distribution of income and reducing the migration of manpower from the rural to urban areas. On this note, ggovernment has identified the need for the development of SMEs. One of such Sectorial strategies is the introduction and pursuit of policies such as concessionary financing to encourage and strengthen the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. However, a well-functioning and regulated informal economy will be a critical prerequisite to sustainable growth. This is because the link between, informality and Investment in Nigeria is not fully understood. This study seeks to investigate the nexus between Informal Financial Institutions and Investment in Nigeria. A binomial Logit Linear Regression approach was employed with data from structured questionnaires having Investment and repayment plan as variables. The finding revealed that the odd ratio of investment against the IFIs chance of alleviating poverty in north central-states-Nigeria is 2.21. The study therefore concluded that there exists a significant relationship between IFIs and Investment in north central Nigeria. The study recommends among others that there is the need for the government to utilize Informal Financial Institutions in its poverty reduction programmes, since about 75 percent of the Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) could assess credit for investment through them. This will go a long way in promoting inclusive growth in the country
Ethnicity and Nationalism in Nigeria
(International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 2019-02-02) Yahaya Yakubu
The underlying literally endeavor sets out to investigate the resulting identity crisis that derives from the interplay between ethnic and nationalist ideologies. The search for identity has and continues to be of immeasurable significant in man’s quest for significance and meaning, more so in Africa where self-consciousness remains in crisis having been assailed from of myriad of directions. The once enduring racial consciousness, shared faith of colonial subjugation and quest for self-actualization that propelled nationalist ideologies in Nigeria, has since waned off and regressed into ethno-consciousness based on shared languages and geographical proximity amongst other primordial factors. Exploring the interplay from the theoretical perspective of relative deprivation, the study concludes comparison and established or perceived feeling of superiority has pitched ethnicity groups against each other. The notion that one group is better than the other base on access or inaccess to resources and political has driven the dual identity crisis in contemporary Nigeria. To address the unhealthy competition from power certain state policies need to be reviewed or enhance to reflect the foundations of the federal character principle in particular. Further claiming the near monocropic nature of the Nigerian state as a defining attribute of ethnic antagonism.
Oil price volatility and economic growth in Nigeria
(Scientific Press International Limited, 2019-02-02) Muhammad M. Yakubu; Benedict Akanegbu N
One of the main causes of economic crisis in the world is Oil Price Volatility (OPV). This makes it necessary to examine the effect of oil price volatility on economic growth in an oil exporting country like Nigeria and this has a special significance. Therefore, this paper has examined empirically the effect of oil price volatility on economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1985 – 2016. The findings revealed that OPV has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. It was also found that the variables used in the study have a long-run relationship and finally no evidence of causality was found between oil price volatility and economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that exploring other alternatives has the potential to make the Nigerian economy stronger to face volatility crisis.
FINANCING HEALTH CARE IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), 2019-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Attah Amana Philip; Ali, Mohammed Attai
There are many challenges confronting health sector in Nasarawa State, but the issue of inadequate financing of healthcare is a worrisome. And the effects it has caused to the universal health coverage are great. The major factor hindering the path of sustainable health care delivery is poor funding. The health sector requires adequate funding in order to make health services available and affordable to the public. The State government introduced the UHC because it considered healthcare so demanding due to dwindling economy and poverty in the State. More importantly, the introduction of the policy was to guarantee good and qualitative access to efficient healthcare services for all citizens such that it could reduce catastrophic household out-of-pocket health expenditure. Since its introduction and resuscitation in the State, actual implementation of the policy by the State appeared not to have yielded desired result. In the face of achieving UHC, successful financing of health care system continues to be a challenge to the policy. This study therefore made an attempt to situate the impact of financing healthcare on the overall universal health coverage of Nasarawa State. Adopting a structural functionalist approach as a theoretical framework and relying on secondary sources of data, the study revealed the state's low level of coverage among the target population of the policy was recorded which also affects quality of health services provided. The study recommended among others that the state government in collaboration with relevant stakeholders should intensify optimal coverage on the UHC policy. It also suggested increased funding for health programs through increase budgetary allocation to the health sector in the State. The paper concludes that to achieve universal coverage using financing as the strategy, there is a dire need to review the system of financing health care and ensure that resources are used more efficiently while at the same time removing financial barriers to access by shifting focus from OOPs to other hidden resources.