Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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    Effect of Non-Performing Loans on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria
    (American Center of Science and Education, USA, 2019-02-02) Okoh Gabriel; Inim Victor Edet; Idachaba Odekina Innocent
    The study examined the effect of Non-Performing Loans on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria between the periods of 1985 to 2016. The study employed the multiple regression techniques to analyze data collated from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) publications for various years. The result of the study shows that Non-Performing Loans to Total Loans ratio (NPL/TLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) had statistically negative significant effect on Return on Asset (ROA). These result shows that a high level of non-performing loans would reduce the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. Consequently, the study recommends that the regulatory authorities in Nigeria should create and support an environment where commercial banks in Nigeria can have a strong risk management practices.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK RETURNS AND INFLATION RATES IN NIGERIA FROM 1995 to 2014
    (International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management (United Kingdom), 2018-02-02) Njogo, Bibiana O; Inim Victor Edet; Ohiaeri, Nnenna V; Ogboi, C
    This study focused on determining the relationship between inflation rate and stock returns using the Consumer Price Index and the All Share Index on the Nigerian Stock Exchange covering the period 1995 to 2014. The data were analyzed for evidence of co-integration and causality using Error Correction and Granger co-integration model. The Pearson Correlation result shows that, there is significant negative relationship between stock returns and inflation rates in Nigeria. Augmented Dickey Fuller result shows that the series are non-stationary in their level form and are integrated of order one. Johansen co-integration test result shows evidence of co-integration implying that there is a long run relationship between stock market returns and inflation rates in Nigeria. Furthermore, there is significant negative impact of inflation rates on stock market returns in Nigeria. The pair-wise Granger causality test shows that there is a strong unidirectional causality. Also, result from the Error Correction Model suggests that about 43% of the variations in stock returns are accounted for by inflation rates. The study recommends economic reforms that target macroeconomic stability in the country, removal of structural twist, and creation of business-friendly environment that ensures price stability as these will encourage investment in stocks in Nigeria.
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    Informal Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Investment in Nigeria
    (Published by Department of Economics, IBB University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria, 2018-02-02) Mohammed Yelwa; Awe Emmanuel; Umar Musa
    Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) occupy a central place in the economic growth of nations. SMEs have a fundamental role to play in the development of an economy and this cannot be over emphasized. SMEs serve as training arena for local skills and entrepreneurs, and could become channels for mobilizing local savings, ensuring a more equitable distribution of income and reducing the migration of manpower from the rural to urban areas. On this note, ggovernment has identified the need for the development of SMEs. One of such Sectorial strategies is the introduction and pursuit of policies such as concessionary financing to encourage and strengthen the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. However, a well-functioning and regulated informal economy will be a critical prerequisite to sustainable growth. This is because the link between, informality and Investment in Nigeria is not fully understood. This study seeks to investigate the nexus between Informal Financial Institutions and Investment in Nigeria. A binomial Logit Linear Regression approach was employed with data from structured questionnaires having Investment and repayment plan as variables. The finding revealed that the odd ratio of investment against the IFIs chance of alleviating poverty in north central-states-Nigeria is 2.21. The study therefore concluded that there exists a significant relationship between IFIs and Investment in north central Nigeria. The study recommends among others that there is the need for the government to utilize Informal Financial Institutions in its poverty reduction programmes, since about 75 percent of the Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) could assess credit for investment through them. This will go a long way in promoting inclusive growth in the country
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    INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS' CREDIT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NORTH CENTRAL-NIGERIA
    (Lafia Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2018-02-02) Mohammed Yelwa (PhD); Obansa S.A.J (PhD); Awe Emmanuel Omoniyi
    This study seeks to investigate the link between Informal Financial Institutions' Credit and Poverty Alleviation in North Central States Nigeria. A Binomial Logit Regression approach was employed with data from structured questionnaires having IFIs credit and SMEDEV as variables. The finding revealed that there is a significant impact of Informal Financial Institutions' Credit and poverty alleviation in north central-states-Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that there exists a significant relationship between IFIs credit and poverty alleviation in north central-Nigeria.The study recommends among others that education of the rural poor to embark on viable projects, disbursement of fund through Informal Financial Institutions (IFIs) and favorable government policiesso asto make the sector becomesrelevant.
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    AGRICULTURAL PRICE DISTORTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
    (Progressive Academic Publishing UK, 2015-02-02) Benedict Akanegbu, N
    This research examines the effects of agricultural Price Distortions on output in the agricultural sector of Nigeria. Specifically, the study tests the hypotheses that agricultural price distortions are inversely related to output growth in the same sector. The conclusiveness of all previous studies on this problem has not been without doubt largely because their analyses were based on multi-country cross-section data and aggregate price distortion indices. The present study seeks to overcome this failing by disaggregating the price distortions sector-wise for a single country, namely, Nigeria. The study adopts a model based on a modified neoclassical production function where agricultural exports are taken as inputs. Agricultural price distortions cause a wedge between the domestic and foreign price of agricultural exports and thereby reduce the volume of trade and, in consequence, the real GNP as well. And to derive consistent, unbiased, and efficient estimators of the structural equations, the model so developed was estimated by ordinary least square (OLS) method. The analysis confirms the view that agricultural price distortions have a significant and negative influence on agricultural output. An important implication of the study is that reforms of agricultural pricing policies should constitute a major component of any remedial program designed to accelerate economic growth in a country like Nigeria. If her agricultural sector is to become modern and efficient, they should be given the opportunity and the motivation to reduce costs. Indiscriminate reduction of the rate of protection and the reduction of the implicit taxes on exports alone are not the correct or adequate solution. Better physical infrastructure, better education and training, and more modernized agricultural experience can contribute to the ability to reduce costs and raise productivity.
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    Effects of Economic Growth on Poverty Reduction In Nigeria
    (IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 2018-02-02) Oyegoke Ebunoluwa; Wasiu Yusuf
    This paper explored the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction in Nigeria using a time series data spanning from 1980-2016. Unit Root and Johansen Cointegration tests were carried out to determine stationarity and long-run relationship among the variables respectively, while the VAR was carried out to determine the effect of Government expenditure, unemployment growth rate and Real GDP on poverty incidence. The result shows that Government expenditure is positively related to poverty incidence. This suggests that the poor are not benefitting from the economy at large, especially from total government expenditure. The GDP coefficient (a proxy for economic growth) conforms to the a-priori expectation, which depicts a negative relationship between economic growth and poverty incidence, while unemployment relates positively to poverty reduction. Therefore, the government should work more on job creations by focusing more on the labour -intensive sectors, basically, Agricultural and Industrial sectors. Also, economic growth and government spending should be directed at the pro-poor projects, mostly the Bottom-40 percent by providing the essential amenities, especially good infrastructures, financial benefits and aids to families with dependant children, and old people, also, medical aids should be available for the poor
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    FINANCING HEALTH CARE IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), 2019-02-02) Ogye Danlami Okolo; Attah Amana Philip; Ali, Mohammed Attai
    There are many challenges confronting health sector in Nasarawa State, but the issue of inadequate financing of healthcare is a worrisome. And the effects it has caused to the universal health coverage are great. The major factor hindering the path of sustainable health care delivery is poor funding. The health sector requires adequate funding in order to make health services available and affordable to the public. The State government introduced the UHC because it considered healthcare so demanding due to dwindling economy and poverty in the State. More importantly, the introduction of the policy was to guarantee good and qualitative access to efficient healthcare services for all citizens such that it could reduce catastrophic household out-of-pocket health expenditure. Since its introduction and resuscitation in the State, actual implementation of the policy by the State appeared not to have yielded desired result. In the face of achieving UHC, successful financing of health care system continues to be a challenge to the policy. This study therefore made an attempt to situate the impact of financing healthcare on the overall universal health coverage of Nasarawa State. Adopting a structural functionalist approach as a theoretical framework and relying on secondary sources of data, the study revealed the state's low level of coverage among the target population of the policy was recorded which also affects quality of health services provided. The study recommended among others that the state government in collaboration with relevant stakeholders should intensify optimal coverage on the UHC policy. It also suggested increased funding for health programs through increase budgetary allocation to the health sector in the State. The paper concludes that to achieve universal coverage using financing as the strategy, there is a dire need to review the system of financing health care and ensure that resources are used more efficiently while at the same time removing financial barriers to access by shifting focus from OOPs to other hidden resources.
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    Attendance Dilemma and its Effects on the Academic Performance of Secondary Schools’ Students in Osun State, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2014-02-02) Fabgenle Ayoola Olufunke; Elegbeleye Ayotunde Oluwadamilola
    Worried by the dwindling academic performance of students in the various national examinations in Nigeria in recent times, this study examined the causes of attendance challenge and their impact on the academic performance of Secondary Schools’ students in Osun State of Nigeria. To achieve this aim, scores in attendance and examinations for 3,050 students in the last three years were collected from 61 state-owned Secondary Schools out of a total of 208 Schools in the State. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested in this respect while descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were adopted for the analysis. The results indicated that the average attendance scores of students across the ten constituencies in the state are proportional to their examination scores. Also, parents/guardians ranked poverty level (M = 3.96), unbearable extra fees imposed on students by the school authority (M = 3.95) and high cost of instructional materials (M = 3.93) as major significant causes for their wards’ absenteeism at school. The results of Chi-square value (χ2 cal = 26.35 > χ2 tab =7.32) for the test of hypothesis showed that a significant relationship exists between class attendance and academic performance of Secondary School students in the study area. It was concluded that a mechanism should be put in place by the State Government to curb the extra fees being charged by the various school authorities.
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    Oil price volatility and economic growth in Nigeria
    (Scientific Press International Limited, 2019-02-02) Muhammad M. Yakubu; Benedict Akanegbu N
    One of the main causes of economic crisis in the world is Oil Price Volatility (OPV). This makes it necessary to examine the effect of oil price volatility on economic growth in an oil exporting country like Nigeria and this has a special significance. Therefore, this paper has examined empirically the effect of oil price volatility on economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1985 – 2016. The findings revealed that OPV has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. It was also found that the variables used in the study have a long-run relationship and finally no evidence of causality was found between oil price volatility and economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that exploring other alternatives has the potential to make the Nigerian economy stronger to face volatility crisis.
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    THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
    (Progressive Academic Publishing, UK, 2015-02-02) Muhammad M. Yakubu; Benedict Akanegbu N
    There has been a long held belief that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and increased levels of international trade. Therefore, this paper has empirically examined the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2012. Using degree of openness to proxy international trade, the ordinary least squares technique was employed to estimate the impact of international trade on Gross Domestic Product. The broad objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria based on time series data on variables considered relevant indicators of economic growth and international trade. The analysis was based on data extracted from World Bank data and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The result of the analysis shows that all the variables except interest rate were statistically significant. Therefore, the study recommends that policy makers should adopt policies on trade liberalization such as reduction of non-tariff barriers, reducing tariffs, reducing or eliminating quotas that will enable the economy to grow at spectacular rates. And thus this study supports the proposition that degree of openness has direct robust relationship with economic growth since the proxy variable is positive and statistically significant in the model.