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Recent Submissions
Cord care among mothers of sub-urban Lewllem community of Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria
(African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 2018-02-02) Isah, H.O.; Bassi Amos Paul; Chima, G.
Care of the cord is a known determinant of an infant’s well-being in neonatal life period, and when not according to standard frequently results in high prevalence of neonatal infections and complications, some fatal. This study sought to determine the practice of cord care among mothers of Lewllem Community of Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study among 300 women of reproductive age group 15-49 years with children less than 5 years of age. Substances commonly applied to cord of babies,
reasons for cord care, respondents’ age, educational status and ANC attendance were determined. Along with tables and proportions, associations between respondents’ educational and age status and type of substances, reasons for cord care and duration for cord care with significant level at pV < 0.05 were determined. Methylated spirit (57.60%), Vaseline (39.22%), warm water salt solution (16.61%), plain warm water (9.54%) and herbs/native preparation (1.77%) were found in use with achieving the shrivel (drying) of the cord (50.33%), prevention of cord infection (28.33%), timely detachment of the cord (22.67%) and prevention of development of bad odor by cord (2.33%) as reasons for cord care. There was no statistical significant association between educational attainment and choice of the substances (pV = 0.1656), respondents’ age and reasons for cord care (pV = 0.9226), educational attainment and reasons for cord care (pV = 0.3006) and educational attainment and duration of cord care (pV = 1.0000). Presence of a health facility within study setting and 95.5% ANC attendance rate did not impact on respondents’ choices of appropriate substances and informed reasons for cord care. Quality of MCH services made available to pregnant mothers by the health facility, and skills of service providers will require review for remedial measures.
Countdown to 2015: Tracking Maternal and Child Health Intervention Targets Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling in Bauchi State Nigeria
(PLoS ONE, 2015-06-18) Dele Abegunde; Nosa Orobaton; Habib Sadauki; Bassi Amos Paul; Ibrahim A. Kabo; Masduq Abdulkarim
Improving maternal and child health remains a top priority in Nigeria's Bauchi State in the northeastern region where the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) are as high as 1540 per 100,000 live births and 78 per 1,000 live births respectively. In this study, we used the framework of the continuum of maternal and child care to evaluate the impact of interventions in Bauchi State focused on improved maternal and child health, and to ascertain progress towards the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5.At baseline (2012) and then at follow-up (2013), we randomly sampled 340 households from 19 random locations in each of the 20 Local Government Areas (LGA) of Bauchi State in Northern Nigeria, using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique. Women residents in the households were interviewed about their own health and that of their children. Estimated LGA coverage of maternal and child health indicators were aggregated across the State. These values were then compared to the national figures, and the differences from 2012 to 2014 were calculated.For several of the indicators, a modest improvement from baseline was found. However, the indicators in the continuum of care neither reached the national average nor attained the 90% globally recommended coverage level. The majority of the LGA surveyed were classifiable as high priority, thus requiring intensified efforts and programmatic scale up.Intensive scale-up of programs and interventions is needed in Bauchi State, Northern Nigeria, to accelerate, consolidate and sustain the modest but significant achievements in the continuum of care, if MDGs 4 and 5 are to be achieved by the end of 2015. The intentional focus of LGAs as the unit of intervention ought to be considered a condition precedent for future investments. Priority should be given to the re-allocating resources to program areas and regions where coverage has been low. Finally, systematic considerations need to be given to the design of strategies that address the demand for health services.
The Impact of Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Diseases Interventions to Prevent Malaria Fever in Children Less than Five Years Old in Bauchi State of Nigeria
(PLoS ONE, 2016-02-04) Dele Abegunde; Nosa Orobaton; Bassi Amos Paul; Olugbenga Oguntunde; Moyosola Bamidele; Masduq Abdulkrim; Ezenwa Nwizugbe
Malaria accounts for about 300,000 childhood deaths and 30% of under-five year old mortality in Nigeria annually. We assessed the impact of intervention strategies that integrated Patent Medicines Vendors into community case management of childhood-diseases, improved access to artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) and distributed bed nets to households. We explored the influence of household socioeconomic characteristics on the impact of the interventions on fever in the under-five year olds in Bauchi State Nigeria.A cross-sectional case-controlled, interventional study, which sampled 3077 and 2737 under-5 year olds from 1,588 and 1601 households in pre- and post-intervention periods respectively, was conducted from 2013 to 2015. Difference-in-differences and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the impact attributable to the interventions: integrated community case management of childhood illness which introduced trained public and private sector health providers and the possession of nets on the prevalence of fever.Two-week prevalence of fever among under-fives declined from 56.6% at pre-intervention to 42.5% at post-intervention. Fever-prevention fraction attributable to nets was statistically significant (OR = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.08-0.33). Children in the intervention group had significantly fewer incidence of fever than children in the control group had (OR = 0.765, 95% CI: 0.67-0.87). Although being in the intervention group significantly provided 23.5% protection against fever (95% CI: 0.13-0.33), the post-intervention likelihood of fever was also significantly less than at pre-intervention (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50-0.65). The intervention protection fraction against fever was statistically significant at 43.4% (OR = 0.434, 95% CI: 0.36-0.50). Logistic regression showed that the odds of fever were lower in households with nets (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.88), among children whose mothers had higher education, in the post-intervention period (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.33-0.46) and in the intervention group (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.48-0.66). The odds of fever increased with higher socio-economic status of households (17.9%-19.5%). Difference-in-differences showed that the interventions significantly reduced occurrence of fever in the intervention group (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.36-2.14).The interventions were effective in reducing the prevalence and the likelihood of childhood malaria fever. Taken to scale, these can significantly reduce the burden of malaria fever in the under-five year old children.
Appraisal of Antibiotic Prescribing Profile of Patients sent for Laboratory Investigations in a Tertiary Hospital, Jos - Nigeria
(IOSRPHR, 2020-11-02) Ogundeko, T.O.; Builders, M.; Ramyil, M.S.C.; Adu, P.J; Onuwe, A.A.; Ogbole, E.A.; Onubi, J.; Bassi Amos Paul; Bello, C.S.S.; Sokomba, E.N.
Background: The danger associated with unguided and unmonitored prescribing of antibiotics in health institutions calls for antibiotic policies in order to avoid deviation from the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Institutions that uphold compliance should be highly commended. This study was aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Trend and adherence-check on antibiotics prescriptions in compliance with the WHO and the institutions essential drug lists (IEDL), identification of prevalent infections especially from clients sent to the laboratory for various investigations before prescriptions were reviewed from 620 Hospital cards of the General Out-Patients Department (GOPD).
Results: Gender distribution was females 343(55.3%) than males 277 (44.7%), with the majority age range of 25-34 years 227 (36.6%). From a total of 820 (single and multiple requests), stool specimen 257 (31%) was the highest, followed by urine, blood and sputum. Though, the females had higher percentage of request from the GOPD of BHUTH, but with no significant difference between the number of laboratory investigations in relation to gender at p<0.05 (p=0.7022). In addition, the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics was Quinolones (51.8%). This was followed by Penicillins (21.6%), Sulfonamides (13.5%), Tetracyclins (12.2%) and Cephalosphorins (0.9%) respectively from monotherapy (90.5%) and multiple therapies (9.5%). Also, there is no significant difference between the category of antibiotics prescribed and gender at p<0.05 (p=0.6788) in BHUTH. The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was respiratory tract infections (26.3%). Present study indicated significant relationship between gender and common diagnoses to antibiotics prescribing at p<0.05 (p=3.88) in BHUTH. All (100%) prescribed antibiotics were found in both WHO and BHUTH Essential Drug Lists.
Conclusion: This study points out good compliance antibiotic prescribing practice with WHO and institutional recommended standards. It further showed that females are prescribed with antibiotics more than their male counterparts.
Patterns and predictors of malaria care-seeking, diagnostic testing, and artemisinin-based combination therapy for children under five with fever in Northern Nigeria
(BioMed Central, 2014-11-21) Eugenie H Coakley; Bassi Amos Paul; Kathryn R Millar; Zainab Mohammed; Jennifer McCutcheon; Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim; William R. Brieger; William Sambisa
Despite recent improvements in malaria prevention strategies, malaria case management remains a weakness in Northern Nigeria, which is underserved and suffers the country's highest rates of under-five child mortality. Understanding malaria care-seeking patterns and comparing case management outcomes to World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guidelines are necessary to identify where policy and programmatic strategies should focus to prevent malaria mortality and morbidity.A cross-sectional survey based on lot quality assurance sampling was used to collect data on malaria care-seeking for children under five with fever in the last two weeks throughout Sokoto and Bauchi States. The survey assessed if the child received NMCP/WHO recommended case management: prompt treatment, a diagnostic blood test, and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Deviations from this pathway and location of treatment were also assessed. Lastly, logistic regression was used to assess predictors of seeking treatment.Overall, 76.7% of children were brought to treatment-45.5% to a patent medicine vendor and 43.8% to a health facility. Of children brought to treatment, 61.5% sought treatment promptly, but only 9.8% received a diagnostic blood test and 7.2% received a prompt ACT. When assessing adherence to the complete case management pathway, only 1.0% of children received NMCP/WHO recommended treatment. When compared to other treatment locations, health facilities provided the greatest proportion of children with NMCP/WHO recommended treatment. Lastly, children 7-59 months old were at 1.74 (p = 0.003) greater odds of receiving treatment than children ≤6 months.Northern Nigeria's coverage rates of NMCP/WHO standard malaria case management for children under five with fever fall short of the NMCP goal of 80% coverage by 2010 and universal coverage thereafter. Given the ability to treat a child with malaria differs greatly between treatment locations, policy and logistics planning should address the shortages of essential malaria supplies in recommended and frequently accessed treatment locations. Particular emphasis should be placed on integrating the private sector into standardized care and educating caregivers on the necessity for testing before treatment and the availability of free ACT in public health facilities for uncomplicated malaria.