College of Health Sciences

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Start date: 2020

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    Appraisal of Antibiotic Prescribing Profile of Patients sent for Laboratory Investigations in a Tertiary Hospital, Jos - Nigeria
    (IOSRPHR, 2020-11-02) Ogundeko, T.O.; Builders, M.; Ramyil, M.S.C.; Adu, P.J; Onuwe, A.A.; Ogbole, E.A.; Onubi, J.; Bassi Amos Paul; Bello, C.S.S.; Sokomba, E.N.
    Background: The danger associated with unguided and unmonitored prescribing of antibiotics in health institutions calls for antibiotic policies in order to avoid deviation from the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Institutions that uphold compliance should be highly commended. This study was aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Trend and adherence-check on antibiotics prescriptions in compliance with the WHO and the institutions essential drug lists (IEDL), identification of prevalent infections especially from clients sent to the laboratory for various investigations before prescriptions were reviewed from 620 Hospital cards of the General Out-Patients Department (GOPD). Results: Gender distribution was females 343(55.3%) than males 277 (44.7%), with the majority age range of 25-34 years 227 (36.6%). From a total of 820 (single and multiple requests), stool specimen 257 (31%) was the highest, followed by urine, blood and sputum. Though, the females had higher percentage of request from the GOPD of BHUTH, but with no significant difference between the number of laboratory investigations in relation to gender at p<0.05 (p=0.7022). In addition, the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics was Quinolones (51.8%). This was followed by Penicillins (21.6%), Sulfonamides (13.5%), Tetracyclins (12.2%) and Cephalosphorins (0.9%) respectively from monotherapy (90.5%) and multiple therapies (9.5%). Also, there is no significant difference between the category of antibiotics prescribed and gender at p<0.05 (p=0.6788) in BHUTH. The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was respiratory tract infections (26.3%). Present study indicated significant relationship between gender and common diagnoses to antibiotics prescribing at p<0.05 (p=3.88) in BHUTH. All (100%) prescribed antibiotics were found in both WHO and BHUTH Essential Drug Lists. Conclusion: This study points out good compliance antibiotic prescribing practice with WHO and institutional recommended standards. It further showed that females are prescribed with antibiotics more than their male counterparts.
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    Antifertility Efficacy of n-Hexane Seed Extract of Ricinus communis Var Minor in Wistar Rats Uterus In Vitro
    (Path of Science, 2024-06-02) Sanni, Ayuba Clagba; Moritiwon, Olusayo; Ogundeko, Timothy Olugbenga; Ramyil, Seljul Mamzhi Crown; Bassi Amos Paul; Okwuasaba, Francis Kanayo
    The seed of Ricinus communis var minor (RICOM 1013-J) is a popular contraceptive among the tribal women in Bassa Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Several reports have confirmed the efficacy and safety of different fractions of RICOM 1013-J, particularly the n-Hexane fraction. RICOM 1013-J appears to possess a unique contraceptive effect. This study aimed to provide further insight into the impact of RICOM 1013-J on the reproductive organs compared with the activity profile of some uterotonic drugs. A total of 20 adult albino rats (15 females and five males) weighing 150-200 g were initially divided into five groups of 3 female rats each with treatments via the oral route as follows: Groups A (2ml olive oil), others n-Hexane extract of Ricinus communis seeds (RICOM 1013-J) B (5 mg/kg), C (10 mg/kg), D (20 mg/kg) and E (30 mg/kg). After three days, the five male rats were introduced into each group (ratio of 3 females to 1 male per cage) till the end of experiments for mating. The effect of the pretreatment with the n-hexane extract of RICOM 1013-J on the rat uterus was evaluated after days 10, 30, 60 and 90. RICOM 1013-J (20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) demonstrated potent anti-conceptive effects, protecting female Wister albino rats against pregnancy for over five gestational periods. RICOM 1013-J statistically altered the regular basal activity of the uterus in a time-dependent manner (10, 30, 60 and 90 days pretreatment). Furthermore, pretreatment with RICOM 1013-J decreased the reactivity of the uterus to some uterotonic drugs, including oxytocin (2x10-3 iu/ml), ergometrine (1x10-3 mg/ml), misoprostol (2x10-3 mg/ml), Ach (1x10-5 gm/ml) and potassium chloride (1x10-3 gm/ml). The contraction to misoprostol and potassium chloride in the uterus was abolished on day 90 of pretreatment. This study has demonstrated the dose-dependent efficacy of RICOM 1013-J in protecting against pregnancy for over five gestation periods in rats. This protective effect may be due to the alterations in the activity profile of smooth muscle quiescence and inertia in the uterus. In addition, the changes in the responsiveness of the uterus to the uterotonic drugs further confirm the anti-conceptive effects of RICOM 1013-J.
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    A case study of a circulating vaccine derived polio virus in a Nomad in Zaria – Kaduna state, Nigeria
    (World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2020-02-02) Tukur Mustapha; Bakam Clement Kure; Balarabe Hadiza; Ogundeko Timothy Olugbenga; Bassi Amos Paul; Ramyil Mamzhil Seljul Crown; Dominic Bawa Maikaje
    Immunization regarding polio has yielded quite a tremendous positive impact as a result of campaigns and involvement of various stake holders from the grass root to the federal level in Nigeria. Interventions from international agencies and organizations in light of synergic partnership with Nigeria in order to tackle polio cannot be overemphasized. All these have helped to place Nigeria as one of the polio – free nations in the world. This was retrospective case study involving a 2 year old female orphan who was moved from a hygiene and sanitation- deficient and non-immune susceptible settlement fulani settlement in Kubau LGA to Anguwan Alkali community in Zaria in order to live with her grandmother. She was taken to Babban Dodo PHC in Zaria for community management of acute malnutrition programme as a malnourished child. The child was claimed to have been vaccinated. On the 18th of August 2018, the Assistant District Nursing officer of Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria was notified about case of a sudden onset of left limb flaccid paralysis that started on the 17th of August 2018. The case was reported to the Kaduna state ministry of health. After fitting the AFP case definition. Stool sample was taken for laboratory investigation. The sample was sent to the National Level Polio Immunization Laboratory at the University of Ibadan on the 21st August 2018. The laboratory test results came out positive for cVDPV2. Results from the community survey also showed that most of the catchment settlement for PHC Anguwan Alkali has RI coverage of less than 70%. The detection of the cVDPV2 strains underscores the importance of maintaining high level of often Routine Immunization coverage at all levels to minimize the risk and consequences of any poliovirus circulation in Zaria LGA-Nigeria
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    HPV Vaccine and Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among women in Abia State
    (Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care., 2024-08-23) C.I. Amuzie; U.K. Kalu; M.O. Izuka; Bassi Amos Paul
    Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and it is associated with infection by the Human  Papillomavirus (HPV). There are effective interventions for the prevention of cervical cancer. However, the uptake of these interventions  by women in developing countries is poor. This study assessed the knowledge and practices of cervical cancer preventive measures and  uptake of HPV vaccines among women in Abia State. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among women in Abia State. Multistage sampling was used to recruit 700 eligible  women and an ODK interviewerbased structured questionnaire was used to collect the information. Descriptive, bivariate, and  multivariate analyses were done using SPSS version 26. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean age of the respondents  was 40.3 ± 9.9 years and the proportion of women with good knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine was 22.0% (95% CI:  18.9- 25.1). The uptake of Pap smear and HPV vaccine was 7% and 3%, respectively, while predictors of good knowledge for HPV infection  and vaccine included higher educational status (aOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.73–3.71, p = 0.001), being currently married (aOR = 0.32; 95% CI:  0.18–0.54, p= 0.001) and divorced (aOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.13–0.49, p=0.001). Conclusion: Poor knowledge of HPV infection and vaccines,  and poor uptake of Pap smear and HPV vaccine were prevalent among the respondents. We recommend policymakers design health  education programmes to improve knowledge and preventive cervical cancer practices.
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    Comparative laboratory diagnosis of malaria
    (GSC Online Press, 2022-11-23) Aminat Omope Yusuf; Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko; Mamzil Seljul Crown Ramyil; Catherine Nadabo; Philemon Adu; Olusegun Godwin Adeniyi; Bassi Amos Paul
    Laboratory diagnosis of malaria is a vital key for its effective management. Diagnosis of malaria includes rapid, sensitive, and specific test methods. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of PfHRP2 rapid malaria test with reference to light microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH) Jos –Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 150 febrile patients attending BHUTH who were sent to the Hospital Laboratory from the General out patients Department (GOPD) for malaria parasite test (MPT)request had their blood sample collected and tested for malaria parasites (MP) using Field Stain A and B stain microscopy and PfHRP2 rapid malaria test between September and November 2021.Results shows that the sensitivity and specificity of PfHRP2 rapid malaria were 9.23% and 90.0% respectively, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values (PPV) as 90.0%and (NPV) as13. 2%. PfHRP2 rapid malaria test showed good sensitivity and specificity that is in agreement with that of the reference light microscopy. The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results compared well with the light microscopy (Gold standard) for Laboratory diagnosis for malaria. Sustained use of RDT as an alternative to light microscopy is recommended especially in malaria endemic areas and the rural communities where electricity is out of reach.
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    Seroprevalence of Transfusion Infections Among Prospective Blood Donors in a District Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria
    (Nile University of Nigeria, 2025-01-02) Nwankwo Chizoba Gloria; Sanni Emmanuel Oladipo; Okudo Adaora Chinwendu; Eseigbe, P.; Ezike Kevin Nwabueze
    Background: Blood transfusion plays a crucial role in medical practices. However, blood transfusion safety remains a public health concern in developing countries due to the high prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) among blood donors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving data obtained from prospective blood donors’ records at the blood bank of Asokoro District Hospital (ADH), Abuja, Nigeria, from 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. The records comprised results of screening for TTIs, namely Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis. Screening was performed using rapid test kits. Data was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 statistical software. Results: A total of 1,507 blood donor data were analyzed. The age range of the donors was 17 to 67 years. TTIs amongst donors in ADH, Abuja was HCV 4.2%, HBV 4.1%, Syphilis 1.0%, and HIV 0.9% respectively. Conclusion: There is a need for counselling amongst positive patients after blood transfusion screening, and referral to the relevant clinics for management. There is also a need to create effective public health interventions towards HCV infection which had the highest prevalence among blood donors.
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    The Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Activities of Street Children in Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria
    (Nile University of Nigeria, 2025-01-02) Audu Hadiza Mustapha
    Background: Streetism is a growing problem in most African cities, a problematic situation affecting our society. The first step is to identify these children and understand their street activities. Method: This study investigated the street children in Maiduguri aged 6-14 years. It was a cross-sectional and descriptive community-based study, aimed at assessing the socio-demographic characteristics of these children and examining their activities in the streets. Result: Ninety-four percent male; with a male-to-female ratio of 16:1 indicating male preponderance. The mean age was 10.6 ± 2.36 years. Sixty percent of all children were Almajiris, while 22% attended formal education. The remaining 18% were out of school. Their activities on the streets ranged from begging for food to eat, working in restaurants, selling sachet water, and lifting goods for adults. The majority, 31%, had lost contact with family members for a long time. Parental education was strongly linked with child status on the streets. Ninety-six percent of the Almajiris were from parents who had no formal education and were primarily traders. There was a significant relationship between parents’ educational status and the child’s street status, χ2 =220, df 8, N =231, and a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: This highlights the need for urgent action to ensure that every child has access to education, regardless of their socio-economic background.
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    Assessment of Knowledge of Basic Life Support Among Health Workers in Some Hospitals of the Federal Capital Territory Administration
    (Nile University of Nigeria, 2025-01-02) Nwokorie, R.M.; Yakubu, S.Y.; Ekeng Offiong
    Background: Basic life support (BLS) is the emergency care given to patients who have had cardiac arrest. It can be provided by trained or lay people. It maintains a patient’s life pending diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among all health workers in some Federal Capital Territory Administration hospitals. Using an online survey tool, the Google form, we evaluated their knowledge of the 2020 American Heart Society guidelines of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and their conduct of CPR and noted their profession and years of practice. Completion of the form was voluntary and confidential. Results: The data was obtained from 188 health workers. Eighty-four (44.7%) were doctors, 79 (42%) were nurses and 25 (13.3%) were other health workers. The percentage of respondents irrespective of profession who got each question right ranged from 3.20 to 86.70%. The mean score was 50.31 ± 17.42%. Conclusion: Insufficient knowledge of cardiac arrest among health professionals is high. The relationship between profession and knowledge of BLS was found to be statistically significant. (p< 0.001) The relationship between years of practice and knowledge of BLS was not found to be statistically significant. (p = 0.290).
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    The Prevalence of Spinal Headache in Post Caesarean Section Patients in Nile University Teaching Hospital
    (Nile University of Nigeria, 2025-01-02) Nwokorie, R.M.; Kwari Shiktira Danladi; Acha. K.C.; Balogun, A.
    Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a known complication of dural puncture during epidural analgesia and subarachnoid block (SAB). It is common in pregnant women. The incidence is variable and is influenced by several factors. Method: A prospective study that involved all consenting patients who had caesarean section done under SAB between June 2023 and November 2023. SAB was performed using Quincke needles, sizes 25G to 27G. Patients were followed up and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: One hundred and sixty-one (161) parturients were recruited and 36 had PDPH giving a prevalence of 22.36%. The majority 17 (47.22%) of the patients who developed PDPH, had mild headaches in severity, 14 (38.89%) had moderate headaches, and 5 (13.89%) had severe headaches. A higher incidence of headaches was found in women who had a successful procedure using 25G needles with multiple attempts than those who used 26 and 27 G needles and were successful at the first attempt. Conclusion: The high prevalence of PDPH observed in this study may be attributed to the traumatic Quincke needles and multiple attempts at the institution of the block
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    Post Partum Ptosis: Report of a Case at the Asokoro Hospital Abuja, North Central Nigeria.
    (Nile University of Nigeria, 2025-01-02) Okudo Adaora Chinwendu; Ofodile, N.; Kalambe Aisha Sheriff; Zubair, S.; Kwari Shiktira Danladi
    Post-partum ptosis is a rare cause of acquired ptosis which is mostly unilateral and occurs due to changes in the levator aponeurosis resulting from hormonal, fluid accumulation, and stress changes in labor and delivery. Risk factors include multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age, and high body mass index. Presenting a 32-year-old businesswoman with drooping of the left upper eyelid which started 21 days after the delivery of her second child. There was no diplopia, deviation of eyes, variation during the day, or affection of daily living. No previous history. Her body mass index was 34.7 kg/m2 with a visual acuity of 6/5 and 6/4, intraocular pressures of 14 and 15 mmHg respectively. Normal extraocular eye movements. Her Margin Reflex distance 1, Margin Reflex distance 2, Upper lid excursion (levator function), and palpebral fissure height at presentation were 4,5,15and 9 mm in the right eye and 1, 5, 15, and 6 mm in the left eye. These measures started improving from the first month post-partum resolving at 1 year and 3 months post-presentation. Physicians should keep in view pregnancy-related ptosis as a rare cause of unilateral ptosis amongst women who recently gave birth.