Ebola Virus

Abstract

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by the Ebola virus, with mortality rates ranging from 25% to 90%. First identified in 1976, EVD has emerged as a major public health threat, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals and humans, with outbreaks often exacerbated by limited healthcare infrastructure. Nigeria experienced a notable outbreak in 2014, which highlighted the challenges of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in resource limited settings. This review explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of EVD, emphasizing Nigeria’s experience and response. It underscores the importance of surveillance, public awareness, supportive care, vaccination, and international collaboration in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks.