Research Articles in Medicine & Surgery

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.nileuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/100

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Author: search.filters.author.Oranwusi, Emmanuel

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    Ebola Virus
    (NUMSA International Journal of Medicine and Health Education, 2025-02-02) Lawal, Sakinatu; Oranwusi, Emmanuel; Ibrahim, Abdul-Azeez O.
    Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by the Ebola virus, with mortality rates ranging from 25% to 90%. First identified in 1976, EVD has emerged as a major public health threat, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals and humans, with outbreaks often exacerbated by limited healthcare infrastructure. Nigeria experienced a notable outbreak in 2014, which highlighted the challenges of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in resource limited settings. This review explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of EVD, emphasizing Nigeria’s experience and response. It underscores the importance of surveillance, public awareness, supportive care, vaccination, and international collaboration in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks.
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    A Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Nigeria
    (NUMSA International Journal of Medicine and Health Education, 2025-02-02) Oranwusi, Emmanuel; Ibrahim, Abdul-Azeez O.
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a critical global health challenge, with Nigeria bearing one of the heaviest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention strategies, approximately 1.9 million people in Nigeria are living with HIV as of 2020. The virus, transmitted primarily through unprotected sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission, and contaminated needles, progressively impairs the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if untreated. This review examines the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HIV, with a particular focus on its impact in Nigeria. Persistent challenges such as stigma, limited access to ART, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic barriers continue to undermine effective control. Strengthening surveillance, expanding ART access, promoting public education, and achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets are essential to mitigating the epidemic’s impact and advancing toward ending AIDS as a public health threat.
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    Breastfeeding
    (NUMSA International Journal of Medicine and Health Education, 2025-02-02) Franklin, Favour; Oranwusi, Emmanuel; Wunti, Maryam Jibrin
    This paper provides a comprehensive overview of breastfeeding, emphasizing its nutritional, emotional, psychological, and socio-economic importance for both mother and child. It highlights various breastfeeding positions, the nutritional and immunological benefits of breast milk, and the long-term health outcomes for infants and mothers. The study explores challenges associated with breastfeeding, including anatomical, physiological, and societal barriers, as well as the role of breast milk substitutes when necessary. Furthermore, it discusses the global perspective and initiatives by the WHO and UNICEF to promote exclusive breastfeeding through the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. The conclusion reinforces breastfeeding as a natural, cost-effective, and vital practice that requires societal support, education, and healthcare policies to ensure its sustainability and universal adoption.
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    A Review of Child Health
    (NUMSA International Journal of Medicine and Health Education, 2025-02-02) Wunti,Maryam Jibrin; Oranwusi, Emmanuel
    This paper provides an in-depth exploration of child health, highlighting the key determinants that influence physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development from birth through adolescence. It discusses biological, environmental, and socio-economic factors, while also addressing the importance of growth monitoring, nutrition, and developmental milestones. The paper reviews common childhood diseases, both infectious and non-communicable, as well as the role of immunization and preventive care in reducing morbidity and mortality. Further, it emphasizes the significance of mental health, environmental determinants, and child health in emergency situations. National and global health initiatives, including the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), are examined as frameworks for improving child health outcomes. The conclusion underscores the need for investment, policy development, and community involvement to safeguard child health as a foundation for future societal well-being.