Determinants and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Abuja, North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The surge in the global prevalence of diabetes Mellitus is driven by modifiable factors such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits. Non-modifiable factors include family history and advancing age. Epidemiologic transition which encourages an atherogenic diet helps to drive this trend. The surge, even though a global phenomenon, may continue mostly in low-income countries, Nigeria included. This study examined the current prevalence of diabetes and drivers in Abuja, the Nigerian capital city. Methods: Leveraging the World Diabetes Day exercises for the years 2018, 2022, and 2023, consenting participants were recruited from three locations, mainly suburbs, across the city for this cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS tool was used. Results: 385 participants with a mean age of 48.7 + 12.18 years were involved. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 5.2%. Determinants were poor dietary habits (p<0.05) and the use of beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics (p<0.05) as antihypertensive agents. Conclusions: Diabetes prevalence was 5.2% with driving factors such as poor dietary habits, the use of beta-blockers, and thiazide diuretics as antihypertensive drugs being prominent. Appropriate dietary counseling and proper selection of antihypertensives may help prevent diabetes mellitus in Abuja.