Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioremediation Potential of Microbial Isolates Collected from Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant Abuja

Abstract

Background: Municipal wastewater is a major source of pollution, accumulating contaminants into sludge. Discharge reduces dissolved oxygen levels and nutrient enrichment, allowing microorganisms to survive. Utilizing microorganisms to clean up the environment is known as bioremediation. Because it is safe, effective, and environmentally benign, biological treatment has been the method of choice for metal remediation in wastewater. This study was conducted to assess the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of Wupa wastewater and the potential of indigenous microbes in the bioremediation of heavy metals. Materials and Methods: Samples of wastewater from the Wupa Abuja treatment plant were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, and oxygen demand. Bacteria and fungi were isolated, and their bioremediation potential was assessed using a heavy metal solution. Results: The study found significant differences in physicochemical parameters between treated and untreated wastewater, except for pH and temperature. Heavy metals showed significant differences between influent and effluent, with manganese, iron, and zinc values varying. Eight bacterial and fungi species were isolated, with Aspergillus terreus having the highest bioremediation potential. Duganella callida had the highest absorbance. Conclusion: The Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant’s assessment of microbial communities revealed potential for heavy metal remediation, serving as a baseline for removing toxic metals