College of Health Sciences
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Item Appraisal of Antibiotic Prescribing Profile of Patients sent for Laboratory Investigations in a Tertiary Hospital, Jos - Nigeria(IOSRPHR, 2020-11-02) Ogundeko, T.O.; Builders, M.; Ramyil, M.S.C.; Adu, P.J; Onuwe, A.A.; Ogbole, E.A.; Onubi, J.; Bassi Amos Paul; Bello, C.S.S.; Sokomba, E.N.Background: The danger associated with unguided and unmonitored prescribing of antibiotics in health institutions calls for antibiotic policies in order to avoid deviation from the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Institutions that uphold compliance should be highly commended. This study was aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Trend and adherence-check on antibiotics prescriptions in compliance with the WHO and the institutions essential drug lists (IEDL), identification of prevalent infections especially from clients sent to the laboratory for various investigations before prescriptions were reviewed from 620 Hospital cards of the General Out-Patients Department (GOPD). Results: Gender distribution was females 343(55.3%) than males 277 (44.7%), with the majority age range of 25-34 years 227 (36.6%). From a total of 820 (single and multiple requests), stool specimen 257 (31%) was the highest, followed by urine, blood and sputum. Though, the females had higher percentage of request from the GOPD of BHUTH, but with no significant difference between the number of laboratory investigations in relation to gender at p<0.05 (p=0.7022). In addition, the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics was Quinolones (51.8%). This was followed by Penicillins (21.6%), Sulfonamides (13.5%), Tetracyclins (12.2%) and Cephalosphorins (0.9%) respectively from monotherapy (90.5%) and multiple therapies (9.5%). Also, there is no significant difference between the category of antibiotics prescribed and gender at p<0.05 (p=0.6788) in BHUTH. The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was respiratory tract infections (26.3%). Present study indicated significant relationship between gender and common diagnoses to antibiotics prescribing at p<0.05 (p=3.88) in BHUTH. All (100%) prescribed antibiotics were found in both WHO and BHUTH Essential Drug Lists. Conclusion: This study points out good compliance antibiotic prescribing practice with WHO and institutional recommended standards. It further showed that females are prescribed with antibiotics more than their male counterparts.Item Antifertility Efficacy of n-Hexane Seed Extract of Ricinus communis Var Minor in Wistar Rats Uterus In Vitro(Path of Science, 2024-06-02) Sanni, Ayuba Clagba; Moritiwon, Olusayo; Ogundeko, Timothy Olugbenga; Ramyil, Seljul Mamzhi Crown; Bassi Amos Paul; Okwuasaba, Francis KanayoThe seed of Ricinus communis var minor (RICOM 1013-J) is a popular contraceptive among the tribal women in Bassa Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Several reports have confirmed the efficacy and safety of different fractions of RICOM 1013-J, particularly the n-Hexane fraction. RICOM 1013-J appears to possess a unique contraceptive effect. This study aimed to provide further insight into the impact of RICOM 1013-J on the reproductive organs compared with the activity profile of some uterotonic drugs. A total of 20 adult albino rats (15 females and five males) weighing 150-200 g were initially divided into five groups of 3 female rats each with treatments via the oral route as follows: Groups A (2ml olive oil), others n-Hexane extract of Ricinus communis seeds (RICOM 1013-J) B (5 mg/kg), C (10 mg/kg), D (20 mg/kg) and E (30 mg/kg). After three days, the five male rats were introduced into each group (ratio of 3 females to 1 male per cage) till the end of experiments for mating. The effect of the pretreatment with the n-hexane extract of RICOM 1013-J on the rat uterus was evaluated after days 10, 30, 60 and 90. RICOM 1013-J (20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) demonstrated potent anti-conceptive effects, protecting female Wister albino rats against pregnancy for over five gestational periods. RICOM 1013-J statistically altered the regular basal activity of the uterus in a time-dependent manner (10, 30, 60 and 90 days pretreatment). Furthermore, pretreatment with RICOM 1013-J decreased the reactivity of the uterus to some uterotonic drugs, including oxytocin (2x10-3 iu/ml), ergometrine (1x10-3 mg/ml), misoprostol (2x10-3 mg/ml), Ach (1x10-5 gm/ml) and potassium chloride (1x10-3 gm/ml). The contraction to misoprostol and potassium chloride in the uterus was abolished on day 90 of pretreatment. This study has demonstrated the dose-dependent efficacy of RICOM 1013-J in protecting against pregnancy for over five gestation periods in rats. This protective effect may be due to the alterations in the activity profile of smooth muscle quiescence and inertia in the uterus. In addition, the changes in the responsiveness of the uterus to the uterotonic drugs further confirm the anti-conceptive effects of RICOM 1013-J.Item A case study of a circulating vaccine derived polio virus in a Nomad in Zaria – Kaduna state, Nigeria(World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2020-02-02) Tukur Mustapha; Bakam Clement Kure; Balarabe Hadiza; Ogundeko Timothy Olugbenga; Bassi Amos Paul; Ramyil Mamzhil Seljul Crown; Dominic Bawa MaikajeImmunization regarding polio has yielded quite a tremendous positive impact as a result of campaigns and involvement of various stake holders from the grass root to the federal level in Nigeria. Interventions from international agencies and organizations in light of synergic partnership with Nigeria in order to tackle polio cannot be overemphasized. All these have helped to place Nigeria as one of the polio – free nations in the world. This was retrospective case study involving a 2 year old female orphan who was moved from a hygiene and sanitation- deficient and non-immune susceptible settlement fulani settlement in Kubau LGA to Anguwan Alkali community in Zaria in order to live with her grandmother. She was taken to Babban Dodo PHC in Zaria for community management of acute malnutrition programme as a malnourished child. The child was claimed to have been vaccinated. On the 18th of August 2018, the Assistant District Nursing officer of Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria was notified about case of a sudden onset of left limb flaccid paralysis that started on the 17th of August 2018. The case was reported to the Kaduna state ministry of health. After fitting the AFP case definition. Stool sample was taken for laboratory investigation. The sample was sent to the National Level Polio Immunization Laboratory at the University of Ibadan on the 21st August 2018. The laboratory test results came out positive for cVDPV2. Results from the community survey also showed that most of the catchment settlement for PHC Anguwan Alkali has RI coverage of less than 70%. The detection of the cVDPV2 strains underscores the importance of maintaining high level of often Routine Immunization coverage at all levels to minimize the risk and consequences of any poliovirus circulation in Zaria LGA-NigeriaItem HPV Vaccine and Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among women in Abia State(Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care., 2024-08-23) C.I. Amuzie; U.K. Kalu; M.O. Izuka; Bassi Amos PaulBackground: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and it is associated with infection by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). There are effective interventions for the prevention of cervical cancer. However, the uptake of these interventions by women in developing countries is poor. This study assessed the knowledge and practices of cervical cancer preventive measures and uptake of HPV vaccines among women in Abia State. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among women in Abia State. Multistage sampling was used to recruit 700 eligible women and an ODK interviewerbased structured questionnaire was used to collect the information. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done using SPSS version 26. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40.3 ± 9.9 years and the proportion of women with good knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine was 22.0% (95% CI: 18.9- 25.1). The uptake of Pap smear and HPV vaccine was 7% and 3%, respectively, while predictors of good knowledge for HPV infection and vaccine included higher educational status (aOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.73–3.71, p = 0.001), being currently married (aOR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18–0.54, p= 0.001) and divorced (aOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.13–0.49, p=0.001). Conclusion: Poor knowledge of HPV infection and vaccines, and poor uptake of Pap smear and HPV vaccine were prevalent among the respondents. We recommend policymakers design health education programmes to improve knowledge and preventive cervical cancer practices.Item Comparative laboratory diagnosis of malaria(GSC Online Press, 2022-11-23) Aminat Omope Yusuf; Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko; Mamzil Seljul Crown Ramyil; Catherine Nadabo; Philemon Adu; Olusegun Godwin Adeniyi; Bassi Amos PaulLaboratory diagnosis of malaria is a vital key for its effective management. Diagnosis of malaria includes rapid, sensitive, and specific test methods. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of PfHRP2 rapid malaria test with reference to light microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH) Jos –Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 150 febrile patients attending BHUTH who were sent to the Hospital Laboratory from the General out patients Department (GOPD) for malaria parasite test (MPT)request had their blood sample collected and tested for malaria parasites (MP) using Field Stain A and B stain microscopy and PfHRP2 rapid malaria test between September and November 2021.Results shows that the sensitivity and specificity of PfHRP2 rapid malaria were 9.23% and 90.0% respectively, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values (PPV) as 90.0%and (NPV) as13. 2%. PfHRP2 rapid malaria test showed good sensitivity and specificity that is in agreement with that of the reference light microscopy. The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results compared well with the light microscopy (Gold standard) for Laboratory diagnosis for malaria. Sustained use of RDT as an alternative to light microscopy is recommended especially in malaria endemic areas and the rural communities where electricity is out of reach.