Department of Civil Engineering
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Item Mobility Prediction Algorithms for Handover Management in Heterogeneous LiFi and RF Networks: An Ensemble Approach(Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2024-05-05) Sanusi Jaafaru; Adeshina Steve; Abiodun Musa Aibinu; Oshiga Omotayo; Rajesh Prasad; Abubakar DayyabuLight Fidelity (LiFi) is a communication technology that operates in the Visible Light (VL) region, using light as a medium to enable ultra-high-speed communication. The spectrum occupied by LiFi does not overlap with the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. Thus, they can be used in a hybrid manner to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) for users. However, in a heterogeneous LiFi and RF network, users experience constant handovers due to the small coverage area of the LiFi and their frequent movement. This study proposes an intelligent handover scheme, where the network parameters of the users are used to train four machine learning models, namely an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), an Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a Regression Tree (RT), to predict the mobility of the users, so that the central network can have a priori mobility information to ensure seamless connectivity. Furthermore, the performance of the standalone models was enhanced by integrating ensemble learning techniques such as the Simple Averaging Ensemble (SAE), Weighted Averaging Ensemble (WAE), and a Meta-Learning Ensemble (MLE). The results show that the ensemble algorithms improved prediction performance, with an average error decrease of 44.40%, 53.53%, and 61.03% for SAE, WAE, and MLE, respectively, which further demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of using ensemble algorithms to predict user mobility.Item Life Cycle Cost Analysis Of Asphalt And Soil Pavements In Abuja-Keffi Highway Road Using Real Cost 3.0 Software(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2025-05-05) Offor George Ikechukwu; Muoka Anthony; Abubakar Dayyabu; Musa Umar Kolo; Mohammed Ado; Mambo AbdulhameedThis study presents a Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) of the Abuja-Keffi Expressway, focusing on the Mararaba axis, to evaluate and compare the economic implications of two flexible pavement options: asphalt pavement and soil pavement. The research is motivated by the economic challenges faced by road engineers and contractors in Nigeria due to poor road conditions and the associated high maintenance costs. The study employs RealCost 3.0 software and follows a 35-year evaluation period methodology to account for all life cycle costs, including construction, maintenance, and user costs. The analysis considers design alternatives, agency costs, user costs, maintenance costs, and discount rates. The study compared two pavement alternatives, Asphalt Pavement (Alternative 1) and Surface Dressing Pavement (Alternative 2), focusing on key financial metrics such as the Undiscounted Sum, Net Present Value (NPV), and Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC). The Undiscounted Sum, representing total expenses over the project's lifespan, reveals that Alternative 1 incurs $1,170,436.88(₦925,825,091.28), while Alternative 2 costs $441,433.94(₦348,878,774.54). Considering the time value of money, NPV is higher for Alternative 1 at $1,136,191.38(₦896,236,417.58), compared to $413,271.56(₦326,795,499.75) for Alternative 2. The EUAC, indicating uniform annual costs equivalent to NPV, is $41,060.38 (₦32,476,199.78) for Alternative 1 and $14,935.06(₦11,793,070.46) for Alternative 2. A higher NPV signals a financially attractive investment, while a lower NPV may suggest less economic viability, especially when factoring in the time value of money. The results highlight the economic benefits of asphalt pavement in the long term, considering durability and performance. The study recommends proper design and construction of drainage systems to reduce flooding, regular maintenance to extend pavement life for asphalt pavement, quality control in construction, and consideration of local conditions in pavement selection, while To minimize costly repairs or replacements surface dressing pavement in the future, regular maintenance such as sealing cracks and applying a sealant coat should be done to extend the life of the floorItem Microstructure of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Agricultural and Industrial Waste.(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2024-05-05) Kolawole O; Amuda Akeem Gbenga; Abubakar Dayyabu; Mambo AbdulhameedBlack cotton soil (BCS) is known to be expansive and very challenging when encountered during the construction of roads. Conventional stabilizing materials such as cement and lime are expensive. On the other hand, industrial and agricultural waste with pozzolanic properties are littered in factories and difficult to discard. This paper examined the microstructure of BCS soil stabilized with marble dust, MD, and Rice husk ash, RHA. About seven different mix ratios for MD and RHA are considered for 10% replacement in BCS. Pure BCS was also analyzed as a control. Atterberg limits were investigated for various mix ratio to understand the change in index properties. The SEM micrographs for the control samples show a loose pack of natural BCS with a sponge-like and hollow look. Generally, the SEM results for all the other samples show that the hollow perforated structure of the black cotton soil was reduced. The EDX shows the element present in each mix ratio with a mix ratio of 90:10 and 100:0 for MD: RHA as the appropriate mix.Item Modification of Lateritic Soil Using Waste Plastics for Sustainable Road Construction(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishin Institute (MDPI), 2024-05-05) Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Taiwo Ibitayo Akintayo; Abubakar Dayyabu; Mahamat Assia Aboubakar; Amuda Akeem; Muoka Anthony; Mambo Abdulhameed; Azikiwe Peter OnwualuLateritic soil, a prevalent geological material in tropical regions, often exhibits poor engineering properties, leading to road pavement failures. Meanwhile, the alarming rise in plastic waste poses environmental concerns. This innovative study explores the potential of utilizing waste plastics as a lateritic soil addictive for sustainable road construction. Varying percentages by weight of shredded waste plastic (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) were incorporated into lateritic soil samples, evaluating its effects on soil geotechnical properties. The results revealed that lateritized plastic (shredded plastic waste and lateritic soil) containing 2% shredded plastic waste gave the optimum maximum dry density of 1.985 g/cm3, and the lateritized plastic containing 10% shredded plastic waste gave the highest optimum moisture content of 18%. However, the lower California bearing ratio obtained on the addition of plastic waste showed that the lateritized plastic is relatively weak and can only be used for roads with low traffic. The incorporation of shredded plastic waste into lateritic soil for stabilization is a promising polymer science-based method. By reducing the need for conventional materials and diverting plastic waste from landfills, this approach contributes to a more environmentally friendly infrastructure supporting the achievement of United Nation Sustainable Development Goals.Item Physical, mechanical and durability properties of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.: implications for sustainable construction in Nigeria(ScienceDirect, 2025-05-05) Osezuah Abraham Orianegbena; Muoka Anthony; Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Mahamat Assia Abuobakar; Sanusi Abdulganiyu; Abubakar DayyabuThe incidence and severity of climate-related problems such as flooding, erosion and extreme heat are increasing across the globe. Such problems are in part attributed to the construction industry’s dependency on high CO2-emission materials such as concrete and steel. Although there is a range of alternative materials, such as bamboo, which are in abundant supply, have low carbon footprints and are great thermal insulators, their use is quite low in Nigeria. We investigated how bamboo, specifically Bambusa vulgaris, from Abuja, Nigeria, could help meet the demands of building construction while being resilient to climate change. Laboratory tests were done to establish the physical, mechanical and durability properties of bamboo to evaluate its performance under different environmental conditions. Average water absorption percentages for fresh and dry bamboo samples were determined to be 16.0 % and 19.1 %, respectively, with moisture content averaging at 28.0 % and 17.7 %, respectively. The dry specimens had the greatest tensile strength, with a value of 84.8 MPa. The average compressive strengths were 13.7 MPa and 16.6 MPa for fresh and dry bamboo samples, respectively. We provide quantitative information on the physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris, demonstrating its structural performance and environmental impact as well as its sustainability and potential ability to counteract the negative effects of climate change. Our research will assist in the formulation of building regulations and standards in addition to encouraging the use of bamboo in eco–friendly construction uses.Item Performance evaluation of asphaltic concrete produced using glass waste and eggshell as alternative fillers.(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2025-05-05) Otronyi Stephen Okojo; Abubakar Dayyabu; Yakubu Muktar Sakadadi; Amuda Akeem Gbenga; Mambo Abdulhameed; Muoka AnthonyReliance on non-renewable natural resources in pavement construction poses environmental and sustainability challenges, hence possible incorporation of wastes becomes novel. This study investigates the performance of asphalt modified with glass waste and eggshell powder as alternative fillers. The materials were selected due to their distinct compositions: glass, predominantly silica-based, enhances stiffness which prevent cracks and reduces premature pavement distress, while eggshell, rich in calcium carbonate, improves adhesion and moisture resistance of pavement. Glass waste was collected, grounded and sieved through 0.075mm, also eggshell was collected, washed, dried, pulverized and sieved through the 0.075mm as required. XRD/SEM analysis was performed on the wastes to confirmed their silicate and calcium carbonate content. Marshall asphaltic concrete samples were prepared using the conventional fillers and tested for the optimum bitumen content determined as 6.53%. The optimum bitumen content was used to produce the modified asphalt with combined glass waste and eggshell as fillers at (0, 6, 12 and 18%) proportions. The modified samples were tested for stability, flow, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture susceptibility. All proportion’s result met the AASHTO and Nig. Min. of works specifications, with TSR values exceeding the AASHTO minimum of 80%, indicating excellent resistance to moisture-induced damage. Notably, the inclusion of eggshell powder improved the mixtures' anti-stripping properties compared to glass dust alone. Therefore, glass waste and eggshell can be combined and incorporated into asphalt mix as fillers up to 18% and will reduce the environmental challenges of wastes, cost-effective asphalt, promoting resource conservation and sustainability. Further studies are recommended to evaluate other engineering performance parameters.Item Potentials of Bitumen Tar Sand for Road Work: A Case Study of Kajola, Lamudifa Irele Local Government Area, Nigeria(Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2023) Olayinka Daodu Francis; Abubakar Dayyabu; Olumuyiwa Samson Aderinola; Muhammad Umar Kolo; Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Akingbonmire Samuel Lambe; Musa Umar KoloThe persistent infrastructural deficit in Nigeria, exacerbated by the high cost of conventional road construction materials, necessitates the investigation of locally available alternatives. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the engineering properties of bitumen-rich tar sand sourced from Kajola in Ondo State, Nigeria, for potential application in asphalt pavement construction. The research methodology involved a series of standardized laboratory tests to characterize both the aggregate and binder components of a proposed Tar Sand Asphalt (TSA) composite. Critical aggregate strength parameters, including the Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV), and Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) value, were determined to be 28%, 23%, and 38%, respectively. These results fall within acceptable thresholds for use in flexible pavements, indicating good resistance to mechanical degradation and confirming the material's suitability for road surfacing in low to moderate-traffic scenarios. The bitumen extracted from the tar sand exhibited a very low penetration value of 17 mm, characterizing it as a hard binder with inherent resistance to rutting and bleeding, making it particularly advantageous for road construction in Nigeria's hot climatic regions. Furthermore, the Marshall mix design method was employed to optimize the asphalt composition, revealing that a mix incorporating 50% tar sand aggregate and an optimum bitumen content of 4.5% delivered the most favorable balance of stability and flow after the control mix. While the findings affirm the viability of Kajola tar sand for low-volume road construction, the study concludes that for broader applications, including high-traffic highways, the TSA composite would require performance-enhancing additives such as polymers, fibres, or crumb rubber. The successful deployment of this indigenous material promises to significantly reduce road construction costs and contribute to bridging the nation's infrastructure gapItem Quality Management as a Tool to Minimize Construction Waste Towards a Sustainable Built Environment: The Consultants’ Perspective(Steps For Civil, Constructions and Environmental Engineering (SCCEE), 2025-02-02) Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Buhari Saulawa Shehu; Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo; Abubakar Dayyabu; Akeem AmudaThe construction sector is responsible for a significant volume of waste, largely attributable to inadequate resource management in building projects. This study explores the management of construction waste in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria, from the perspective of consultants. The investigation utilizes a structured questionnaire as a methodological instrument. The responses were then subjected to analysis using IBM-SPSS version 26 software and evaluated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was computed with Microsoft Excel to assess the relative importance of the factors in question. The findings of the study revealed a total of 17 factors contributing to wastage issues; however, RII pinpointed the top 10 most crucial factors related to waste causation issues. The mean score for Poor Materials Handling and Storage was 4.57, according to the analysis results obtained. Pearson product correlation analysis revealed a correlation between designers and complicated design, specifically within the technical factor category, indicating statistical significance in this area. No significant correlations were identified within sections such as management factors, worker factors, and external factors. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the implementation of a quality management system has the potential to reduce construction waste, thereby contributing to the development of a sustainable built environment in construction projects.Item Geometric Alignment of Western Bypass Road, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2025-02-02) Tomi Akintunde Omotesho; Abubakar DayyabuThis study, titled "The Geometric Alignment of Western Bypass, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja", focuses on the geometric improvement of the Western Bypass, a critical road in Abuja, Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The study involves creating road alignment, plotting alignment profiles using coordinates (easting and northing), analyzing cross-sections and elevations, and conducting various analyses to select the optimal alignment while adhering to design standards. Geometric Alignment in highway engineering enhances road safety, traffic efficiency, and overall performance. However, manual geometric design is often inconvenient, time-consuming, and prone to costly errors. The Western By-Pass, a bituminous road, has experienced significant deterioration due to constraints such as traffic growth, inadequate geometric features, and environmental conditions. The primary goal of this research is to propose an improved geometric alignment that optimizes safety, efficiency, and comfort while minimizing environmental impact. The study evaluates existing road conditions, assesses traffic volume and speed variations, and proposes geometric improvements such as shoulder widths, lane widths, and horizontal and vertical alignment. The research methodology includes the use of computer-aided design (CAD) software such as AutoCAD Civil 3D, and Blender to ensure precision and efficiency in the design process. The specific objectives of the research include determining the existing highway capacity, speed variations, and traffic volume, and proposing a geometric alignment that adheres to national design standards. The existing road spans 5.8km and has a design speed of 68km/h. The study evaluated the roads the roads' horizontal and vertical alignments, cross sections, and other geometric features to ensure smooth directional changes and improved traffic flow. The analysis included calculating cumulative cut volume, filled volume, and net volume to assess the road's current condition and propose necessary improvements. The findings aim to optimize the roads' performance, minimize environmental impact, and ensure more efficient transportation for users.Item Spatiotemporal And Population Dynamics Of Injuries And Fatalities Of Road Traffic Crashes (Rtcs) In Kano, Nigeria(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2024-04-04) Dayyabu Tijjani; Dayyabu Abubakar; Amuda Akeem; Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Kolo Muhammad Umar; Adebanjo Abiola UsmanRoad traffic crashes (RTCs) are among the leading causes of injury and death worldwide. However, the burden of RTCs is not spread evenly. Developing countries like Nigeria, which exist within the Global South, bear the brunt of RTCs. This analysis examined how road traffic crash (RTC) related injuries and deaths in Kano State varied in space and time, as well as demographic attributes from 2017 to 2024, using secondary data sourced from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). Similarly, the study investigated how the distributions of crashes among individuals in years, ages, sexes, and locations varied in Kano State in Nigeria. Geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to do spatial analysis and heat mapping to find high-risk locations. An engineering audit to assess road conditions of safety at selected hotspots was carried out. Victims occur more in the dry season months, indicating a distinct seasonal pattern in the results. More than 74% of injuries in adult males were sustained, and about 79% of adult males suffered fatalities. Thus, exposure of adult males to Road Traffic Injuries (RTA is observed to be a major concern. GIS mapping revealed clusters of fatalities in places like Gaya, Kasuwar Dogo, Riruwai, while injury hotspots were found in Kofa, Dakatsalle, and Wudil Secretariat. According to the engineering audit, these locations suffered from poor road conditions, lack of signage, and limited enforcement. This study highlights the importance of utilizing spatial, demographic, and infrastructure data for a specific intervention. Recommendations are to improve the design of roads, introduce local traffic calming measures, enhance education of road users, and strengthen enforcement of traffic laws. In the end, understanding how an RTC occurs in Kano will help road safety planning bid for sustainable strategies that are evidence-based.