Department of Civil Engineering

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Analysis of the Mechanical Conformity of the Reinforcement Steels Used in Nigerian Market to the Standards
(Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2021-04-04) Begmyrat Kulmedov; Abubakar Dayyabu; Sanusi Abdulganiyu; Abdullahi Abubakar Hassan
Population growth in cities couple with lack of spaces for building forced people and government to embrace the concept of high-rise building. The construction of high-rise building involves proper idealization, estimation of loads, analysis of idealize structure, adequate specification of sizes and material. The paper investigated the mechanical compliance of market supply by reinforced concrete iron rod in with BS 4449 requirement of diameter, yield strength, elongation, and stress ratio through hydraulic universal testing machine. As a result, among the eight manufacturers only F and H complied to the size specified on the reinforcement. On yield strength only F and on % elongation only C, E and H complied with standards.
Potentials of Bitumen Tar Sand for Road Work: A Case Study of Kajola, Lamudifa Irele Local Government Area, Nigeria
(Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2023) Olayinka Daodu Francis; Abubakar Dayyabu; Olumuyiwa Samson Aderinola; Muhammad Umar Kolo; Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Akingbonmire Samuel Lambe; Musa Umar Kolo
The persistent infrastructural deficit in Nigeria, exacerbated by the high cost of conventional road construction materials, necessitates the investigation of locally available alternatives. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the engineering properties of bitumen-rich tar sand sourced from Kajola in Ondo State, Nigeria, for potential application in asphalt pavement construction. The research methodology involved a series of standardized laboratory tests to characterize both the aggregate and binder components of a proposed Tar Sand Asphalt (TSA) composite. Critical aggregate strength parameters, including the Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV), and Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) value, were determined to be 28%, 23%, and 38%, respectively. These results fall within acceptable thresholds for use in flexible pavements, indicating good resistance to mechanical degradation and confirming the material's suitability for road surfacing in low to moderate-traffic scenarios. The bitumen extracted from the tar sand exhibited a very low penetration value of 17 mm, characterizing it as a hard binder with inherent resistance to rutting and bleeding, making it particularly advantageous for road construction in Nigeria's hot climatic regions. Furthermore, the Marshall mix design method was employed to optimize the asphalt composition, revealing that a mix incorporating 50% tar sand aggregate and an optimum bitumen content of 4.5% delivered the most favorable balance of stability and flow after the control mix. While the findings affirm the viability of Kajola tar sand for low-volume road construction, the study concludes that for broader applications, including high-traffic highways, the TSA composite would require performance-enhancing additives such as polymers, fibres, or crumb rubber. The successful deployment of this indigenous material promises to significantly reduce road construction costs and contribute to bridging the nation's infrastructure gap
The Use of Polymer for Road Surfacing as a Strategy for Waste Recycling in Maiduguri
(ICMEAS, 2023-11-01) Abubakar Damaramma Abbari; Musa Umar Kolo; Onyebuchi Mogbo; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu
The road network in Maiduguri, Borno State in Nigeria has been continuously deteriorating due to the ongoing rise in traffic combined with insufficient maintenance due to a lack of funding. Various actions, such as securing finances for maintenance, improving roadway design, using better quality materials, and using more efficient construction techniques are reported to be useful in reducing this process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polythene on the characteristics of asphalt and concrete for road surfacing as well as strategy for waste recycling. Hot bitumen and waste polymer were combined at 160°C using a strong mechanical stirrer; plastic was added to the bituminous mix using wet process techniques to create polymer-modified bitumen. Base bitumen with a penetration grade of 60/70 was used for the laboratory tests. To achieve consistency in the mixture, all the polymers were heated and chopped into pieces. 2%, 4% and 6% volume of polymer were used with a control volume of 0%. Different tests such as the Viscosity test, Flash and fire point test, Penetration test, Marshall Test, and Ductility test were all conducted using standard procedures. The test results for penetration, ductility, viscosity, flash and fire points, indicate that the material is becoming less consistent and more resistant to temperature variations. The marshal test findings showed that the modified combination had higher stability and a lower % of VMA (Voids in mineral aggregates) than the traditional plain mixtures. This would significantly increase these mixes' resistance to rutting.
Spatiotemporal And Population Dynamics Of Injuries And Fatalities Of Road Traffic Crashes (Rtcs) In Kano, Nigeria
(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2024-04-04) Dayyabu Tijjani; Dayyabu Abubakar; Amuda Akeem; Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Kolo Muhammad Umar; Adebanjo Abiola Usman
Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are among the leading causes of injury and death worldwide. However, the burden of RTCs is not spread evenly. Developing countries like Nigeria, which exist within the Global South, bear the brunt of RTCs. This analysis examined how road traffic crash (RTC) related injuries and deaths in Kano State varied in space and time, as well as demographic attributes from 2017 to 2024, using secondary data sourced from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). Similarly, the study investigated how the distributions of crashes among individuals in years, ages, sexes, and locations varied in Kano State in Nigeria. Geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to do spatial analysis and heat mapping to find high-risk locations. An engineering audit to assess road conditions of safety at selected hotspots was carried out. Victims occur more in the dry season months, indicating a distinct seasonal pattern in the results. More than 74% of injuries in adult males were sustained, and about 79% of adult males suffered fatalities. Thus, exposure of adult males to Road Traffic Injuries (RTA is observed to be a major concern. GIS mapping revealed clusters of fatalities in places like Gaya, Kasuwar Dogo, Riruwai, while injury hotspots were found in Kofa, Dakatsalle, and Wudil Secretariat. According to the engineering audit, these locations suffered from poor road conditions, lack of signage, and limited enforcement. This study highlights the importance of utilizing spatial, demographic, and infrastructure data for a specific intervention. Recommendations are to improve the design of roads, introduce local traffic calming measures, enhance education of road users, and strengthen enforcement of traffic laws. In the end, understanding how an RTC occurs in Kano will help road safety planning bid for sustainable strategies that are evidence-based.
Engineering Characterization of Rocks from Selected Quarries in Abuja, Nigeria.
(NJEAS, 2024-04-19) Vandi Daniel; Timothy Iyendo; Bakma Garta; Musa Umar Kolo
The study aims to understand the strength, durability, and suitability of Abuja rock for planning, design, and construction of engineering projects. Three quarries in Abuja (Kubwa, Mpape, and Lugbe) were selected, and four samples were observed to be the most dominant, covering 90%-95% of the rock used in manufacturing aggregates for engineering construction. Geotechnical engineering properties of these rocks were analyzed in an engineering laboratory. Experimental tests included uniaxial compression test, Schmidt hammer rebound test, Los Angeles Abrasion test, Water absorption/moisture content test, and Specific gravity test. The compressive strength ranges from 21.32Mpa to 28.91Mpa, classified as sedimentary rock with moderate hardness. Schmidt rebound numbers range from 21.94 to 35.28, providing immediate access to rock strength. This shows on correlation with R²= 0.409 means the uniaxial compressive strength value is nearly proportional to the Schmidt rebound number. The specific gravity and water absorption relationship showed a negative correlation, with values of 2.43, 2.32, 2.32, and 2.28 on specific gravity and 0.15%, 0.22%, 0.20%, 0.17% on water absorption/water content from porphyritic granite, porphyroblastic gneiss, biotite granite, and granite gneiss, respectively. It shows in a correlation that water content is inversely proportional to the specific gravity with value of R²=0.400. Los Angeles abrasion values were within the allowable range (20-30) which reveals values from 21.00 to 23.00. The study reveals that the engineering characteristics of the sampled rocks are within the standard range for construction purposes. Porphyritic gneiss and granite gneiss are suitable for building and road construction due to their higher compressive strength and low water absorption, providing good strength and durability under different prevailing environmental conditions.
Enhancing Construction Claims and Dispute Resolution in the Nigerian Building Sector: Insights from Thematic Analysis.
(NJEAS, 2024-04-22) Muhammad Zailani; Onyebuchi Mogbo; Musa Umar Kolo
The study investigates the mechanisms of construction claims and dispute resolution within the Nigerian building sector, employing a thematic analysis to uncover insights that could enhance these processes. The research methodology involved semi-structured interviews with professionals from leading construction companies in Abuja, Nigeria. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring they possessed relevant experience in managing construction claims and disputes. The data collected was rigorously analyzed using thematic analysis, which facilitated the identification of prevalent challenges and the evaluation of current dispute resolution methods. The findings reveal that contractual ambiguities, communication failures, and cultural differences are the primary sources of disputes, leading to significant project delivery issues such as cost overruns, schedule delays, and quality defects. Traditional dispute resolution methods, including negotiation, arbitration, and litigation, are commonly utilized, yet the study identifies a notable gap in the adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques. Barriers to ADR implementation, such as lack of awareness and trust among professionals, were highlighted. The study contributes to knowledge by providing a comprehensive understanding of the dispute sources and by evaluating the effectiveness of existing resolution methods. It also offers strategic recommendations for the development of a structured framework for claims management, tailored to the Nigerian context. The implications of this research are far-reaching, suggesting improvements in contractual clarity, communication training, and policy reforms that could significantly benefit the construction industry.
An Assessment of Vehicular Traffic Congestion along Abuja-Nasarawa Road with Emphasis on Karu bridge to A.Y.A. Interchange
(Department of Civil Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria Abuja Nigeria., 2024-04-23) Aluya, L.E; Abubakar Dayyabu; Muoka Anthony
Transportation is integral to societal connectivity and economic growth, with road transportation being a predominant mode globally. Traffic congestion poses a substantial challenge to efficient road transportation, impacting travel times, fuel consumption, and overall productivity. The Abuja-Nasarawa Road, a critical transportation corridor in the Federal Capital Territory, faces persistent congestion issues attributed to factors such as increased vehicle numbers, inadequate infrastructure, and poor traffic management. The escalating traffic congestion along Abuja-Nasarawa Road adversely affects the region's productivity and economic development. This study aims to analyze the traffic congestion along the Abuja Nasarawa Road to improve decision-making regarding road use and transportation system planning. The research design combines qualitative and quantitative methods, utilizing a questionnaire and traffic data collection. The study focused on the A.Y.A Interchange – Karu bridge section of the road, a critical stretch facing congestion issues. The methodology involved traffic data collection, including vehicle counts, traffic volumes, and average speeds. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results indicate varying traffic flow rates during morning and evening peak hours. Karu bridge experienced the highest traffic congestion, with a flow rate of 5433 vehicles per hour in the morning. The qualitative analysis revealed the distribution of road users. The findings also revealed a prevalence of traffic congestion attributed to the concentration of economic activities in the Federal Capital City (FCC), leading to increased commuter influx. This study provides a valuable resource for future urban planning initiatives and highlights the need for comprehensive solutions to solve the region’s complex traffic congestion problems and recommends measures such as maintaining and expanding the road network, introducing alternative transportation like a railway service, and completing alternative routes such as the Apo-Karshi Road.
Mobility Prediction Algorithms for Handover Management in Heterogeneous LiFi and RF Networks: An Ensemble Approach
(Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2024-05-05) Sanusi Jaafaru; Adeshina Steve; Abiodun Musa Aibinu; Oshiga Omotayo; Rajesh Prasad; Abubakar Dayyabu
Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a communication technology that operates in the Visible Light (VL) region, using light as a medium to enable ultra-high-speed communication. The spectrum occupied by LiFi does not overlap with the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. Thus, they can be used in a hybrid manner to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) for users. However, in a heterogeneous LiFi and RF network, users experience constant handovers due to the small coverage area of the LiFi and their frequent movement. This study proposes an intelligent handover scheme, where the network parameters of the users are used to train four machine learning models, namely an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), an Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a Regression Tree (RT), to predict the mobility of the users, so that the central network can have a priori mobility information to ensure seamless connectivity. Furthermore, the performance of the standalone models was enhanced by integrating ensemble learning techniques such as the Simple Averaging Ensemble (SAE), Weighted Averaging Ensemble (WAE), and a Meta-Learning Ensemble (MLE). The results show that the ensemble algorithms improved prediction performance, with an average error decrease of 44.40%, 53.53%, and 61.03% for SAE, WAE, and MLE, respectively, which further demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of using ensemble algorithms to predict user mobility.
Modification of Lateritic Soil Using Waste Plastics for Sustainable Road Construction
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishin Institute (MDPI), 2024-05-05) Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Taiwo Ibitayo Akintayo; Abubakar Dayyabu; Mahamat Assia Aboubakar; Amuda Akeem; Muoka Anthony; Mambo Abdulhameed; Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
Lateritic soil, a prevalent geological material in tropical regions, often exhibits poor engineering properties, leading to road pavement failures. Meanwhile, the alarming rise in plastic waste poses environmental concerns. This innovative study explores the potential of utilizing waste plastics as a lateritic soil addictive for sustainable road construction. Varying percentages by weight of shredded waste plastic (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) were incorporated into lateritic soil samples, evaluating its effects on soil geotechnical properties. The results revealed that lateritized plastic (shredded plastic waste and lateritic soil) containing 2% shredded plastic waste gave the optimum maximum dry density of 1.985 g/cm3, and the lateritized plastic containing 10% shredded plastic waste gave the highest optimum moisture content of 18%. However, the lower California bearing ratio obtained on the addition of plastic waste showed that the lateritized plastic is relatively weak and can only be used for roads with low traffic. The incorporation of shredded plastic waste into lateritic soil for stabilization is a promising polymer science-based method. By reducing the need for conventional materials and diverting plastic waste from landfills, this approach contributes to a more environmentally friendly infrastructure supporting the achievement of United Nation Sustainable Development Goals.
Microstructure of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Agricultural and Industrial Waste.
(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2024-05-05) Kolawole O; Amuda Akeem Gbenga; Abubakar Dayyabu; Mambo Abdulhameed
Black cotton soil (BCS) is known to be expansive and very challenging when encountered during the construction of roads. Conventional stabilizing materials such as cement and lime are expensive. On the other hand, industrial and agricultural waste with pozzolanic properties are littered in factories and difficult to discard. This paper examined the microstructure of BCS soil stabilized with marble dust, MD, and Rice husk ash, RHA. About seven different mix ratios for MD and RHA are considered for 10% replacement in BCS. Pure BCS was also analyzed as a control. Atterberg limits were investigated for various mix ratio to understand the change in index properties. The SEM micrographs for the control samples show a loose pack of natural BCS with a sponge-like and hollow look. Generally, the SEM results for all the other samples show that the hollow perforated structure of the black cotton soil was reduced. The EDX shows the element present in each mix ratio with a mix ratio of 90:10 and 100:0 for MD: RHA as the appropriate mix.
Geotechnical Investigation of Road Failure Along Abuja- Lokoja Road
(NJEAS, 2024-05-10) Solomon Agbo; Amuda Akeem; Musa Umar Kolo
A comprehensive investigation of soil properties along the Abuja-Lokoja Road, focusing on samples A and B located between KM51 + 300 to KM51 + 200 and KM45+100 to M51+000 respectively utilizing site analysis, laboratory testing, and comparative analysis, the study identifies critical distinctions in soil composition and engineering behaviours. Sample A, classified as CH (clay of high plasticity), exhibits a moisture content of 12.6% and a density of 1.940 g/cc in contrast, Sample B, classified as GM (gravelly material), has a higher moisture content of 13.8% and a denser structure at 2.100g/cc. Despite differing compositions, both samples demonstrate comparable load-bearing capacities, reflected in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values at 100% moisture content. Sample A records 32.7% (unsoaked) and 24.6% (soaked), while Sample B exhibits 32.7% (unsoaked) and 26.2% (soaked), indicating similar strength under specific moisture conditions. Further analysis reveals a slightly higher Liquid Limit (LL) for Sample A at 41% compared to Sample B's 40%, with closely aligned Plasticity Index (PI) values, suggesting comparable plasticity characteristics. These findings align with established trends in cohesive and gravelly soils from past research. Recognizing these distinctions is crucial for informed construction practices. The study recommends tailored engineering strategies, based on precise soil characterization, to optimize infrastructure performance and longevity in diverse soil environments. The emphasis on soil analysis and tailored engineering approaches underscores their significance in enhancing infrastructure stability and durability across varying soil conditions.
Geotechnical investigation of soil bearing capacity a case study of Nile university of Nigeria
(NJEAS, 2024-05-11) Jamilu Abdulmumini; Amuda Akeem; Musa Umar Kolo
Geotechnical investigation was conducted within Nile University soil with the aid of the master plan showing areas awaiting future developments. This is as a result of the university planning for infrastructural expansion due to such in student’s population. Each time a building construction is to be taken place, the university management spent another set of money on conducting geotechnical investigation. There are no comprehensive geotechnical information of the soil bearing capacity that can represent the whole of Nile university space/area of 1,153,208,008?2. In-situ and laboratory test were carried out. Three boring point were established using map at a regular interval and drilled to a depth where basement was encountered. In each test sample were collected at 1.5m interval. The standard penetration procedure consist of split spoon and u-tube as set forth in ASTM-1990. The test involves counting the number of blows required to drive a spoon sampler by 300mm, using a weight of 64kg hammer with a free fall of 76mm on the anvil of a rod arrangement. An initial penetration of 150mm is allowable on the sampler known as sitting blows before counting the subsequent blow for the required 300mm. another six trial pit were evenly spread at regular interval at different location within the university. It was manually excavated by hand, undisturbed and disturbed sample were extracted by hand auger and shovel. Sample were extracted at 1.5m depth, properly labelled and taken to laboratory. The laboratory test of the extracted soil sample include moisture content, grain size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, consolidated drained test and unified soil classification system was adopted. It was observed that the results obtained from Standard Penetration test indicates variance in allowable bearing capacity with depth, between 0.0-0.5m is 56??⁄?2, 0.6- 1.0m is 112??⁄?2, 1.5- 2.0m is 215??⁄?2, 3.0 – 3.5 is 279??⁄?2, 4.5 – 5.0m is 273??⁄?2. The soil type were predominantly medium dense to very dense inorganic silty sand with clay content less than 5%. Point of refusal was encounter at 6m depth, boring was then terminated. The Direct shear box test analyses obtained from site BC and CH gave the allowable bearing capacity values of 250??⁄?2 at pit one, 211.2??⁄?2 at pit two, 798.1??⁄?2 at pit three, at pit four, 798.1??⁄?2, at pit five, 918??⁄?2 , at pit six 960.5??⁄?2, but with the results obtained from oedometer test show that we cannot adopt this allowable bearing capacity value due to it high settlement rate beyond the acceptable settlement rate set by Development Control in Nigeria, which is 100mm. therefore based on the result from oedometer test the allowable bearing capacity of 120??⁄?2 was adopted with a safe consolidated settlement of 52mm at site BC. While an allowable bearing capacity of 100??⁄?2 with safe consolidated settlement of 55mm was adopted for site CH. Site BC is predominantly underlain by Sandy Silt. While site CH the predominant soil type was Clayey Sand. Pad footing at 1.5m depth and 210??⁄?2 allowable bearing capacity should be adopted. It is recommended that for both site BC and CH pad foundation at 1.5m having maximum individual column load less than 600??⁄?2 with a ground beam adopted.
Quality Management as a Tool to Minimize Construction Waste Towards a Sustainable Built Environment: The Consultants’ Perspective
(Steps For Civil, Constructions and Environmental Engineering (SCCEE), 2025-02-02) Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Buhari Saulawa Shehu; Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo; Abubakar Dayyabu; Akeem Amuda
The construction sector is responsible for a significant volume of waste, largely attributable to inadequate resource management in building projects. This study explores the management of construction waste in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria, from the perspective of consultants. The investigation utilizes a structured questionnaire as a methodological instrument. The responses were then subjected to analysis using IBM-SPSS version 26 software and evaluated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was computed with Microsoft Excel to assess the relative importance of the factors in question. The findings of the study revealed a total of 17 factors contributing to wastage issues; however, RII pinpointed the top 10 most crucial factors related to waste causation issues. The mean score for Poor Materials Handling and Storage was 4.57, according to the analysis results obtained. Pearson product correlation analysis revealed a correlation between designers and complicated design, specifically within the technical factor category, indicating statistical significance in this area. No significant correlations were identified within sections such as management factors, worker factors, and external factors. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the implementation of a quality management system has the potential to reduce construction waste, thereby contributing to the development of a sustainable built environment in construction projects.
Geometric Alignment of Western Bypass Road, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2025-02-02) Tomi Akintunde Omotesho; Abubakar Dayyabu
This study, titled "The Geometric Alignment of Western Bypass, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja", focuses on the geometric improvement of the Western Bypass, a critical road in Abuja, Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The study involves creating road alignment, plotting alignment profiles using coordinates (easting and northing), analyzing cross-sections and elevations, and conducting various analyses to select the optimal alignment while adhering to design standards. Geometric Alignment in highway engineering enhances road safety, traffic efficiency, and overall performance. However, manual geometric design is often inconvenient, time-consuming, and prone to costly errors. The Western By-Pass, a bituminous road, has experienced significant deterioration due to constraints such as traffic growth, inadequate geometric features, and environmental conditions. The primary goal of this research is to propose an improved geometric alignment that optimizes safety, efficiency, and comfort while minimizing environmental impact. The study evaluates existing road conditions, assesses traffic volume and speed variations, and proposes geometric improvements such as shoulder widths, lane widths, and horizontal and vertical alignment. The research methodology includes the use of computer-aided design (CAD) software such as AutoCAD Civil 3D, and Blender to ensure precision and efficiency in the design process. The specific objectives of the research include determining the existing highway capacity, speed variations, and traffic volume, and proposing a geometric alignment that adheres to national design standards. The existing road spans 5.8km and has a design speed of 68km/h. The study evaluated the roads the roads' horizontal and vertical alignments, cross sections, and other geometric features to ensure smooth directional changes and improved traffic flow. The analysis included calculating cumulative cut volume, filled volume, and net volume to assess the road's current condition and propose necessary improvements. The findings aim to optimize the roads' performance, minimize environmental impact, and ensure more efficient transportation for users.
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Marble Waste-Modified Rigid Pavement Material
(MDPI.com, 2025-04-04) Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo; Maurice Simon Nwaforcha; Kudu Yusuf; Sanusi Abdulganiyu; Abubakar Dayyabu; Musa Umar Kolo; AzikiwePeterOnwualu2
One of the environmental concerns today is the increasing amount of waste generated from marble quarrying and processing. This study evaluates the mechanical and durability properties of marble waste-modified rigid pavement material. A series of laboratory tests was conducted to obtain the properties of marble waste-modified rigid pavement material. The slump value decreases as the percentage of marble waste increases. As the percentage of marble waste increases, the dry density gradually decreases from 2770 kg/m3 to 2590 kg/m3. Comparison of the 7-day and 28-day compressive strength indicates that replacing the gravel with marble waste resulted in early strength gain, making it suitable for use in conditions that require early strength gain. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated higher calcium content for the 10% marble waste sample, which is responsible for the cementation and supports the higher compressive strength obtained for the sample at 7 days of curing, due to early strength gain. The study is the first to show the synergistic effect of marble waste on early strength and durability in rigid pavements These findings. showed that marble waste can be used as a modifier in rigid pavement materials. The study contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 11
Quality Management as a Tool to Minimize Construction Waste Towards a Sustainable Built Environment: The Consultants’ Perspective
(Steps For Civil, Constructions and Environmental Engineering (SCCEE), 2025-04-04) Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Shehu Buhari Saulawa; Mambo Abdulhameed Danjuma; Dayyabu Abubakar; Amuda Akeem
The construction sector is responsible for a significant volume of waste, largely attributable to inadequate resource management in building projects. This study explores the management of construction waste in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria, from the perspective of consultants. The investigation utilizes a structured questionnaire as a methodological instrument. The responses were then subjected to analysis using IBM-SPSS version 26 software and evaluated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was computed with Microsoft Excel to assess the relative importance of the factors in question. The findings of the study revealed a total of 17 factors contributing to wastage issues; however, RII pinpointed the top 10 most crucial factors related to waste causation issues. The mean score for Poor Materials Handling and Storage was 4.57, according to the analysis results obtained. Pearson product correlation analysis revealed a correlation between designers and complicated design, specifically within the technical factor category, indicating statistical significance in this area. No significant correlations were identified within sections such as management factors, worker factors, and external factors. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the implementation of a quality management system has the potential to reduce construction waste, thereby contributing to the development of a sustainable built environment in construction projects.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Of Asphalt And Soil Pavements In Abuja-Keffi Highway Road Using Real Cost 3.0 Software
(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2025-05-05) Offor George Ikechukwu; Muoka Anthony; Abubakar Dayyabu; Musa Umar Kolo; Mohammed Ado; Mambo Abdulhameed
This study presents a Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) of the Abuja-Keffi Expressway, focusing on the Mararaba axis, to evaluate and compare the economic implications of two flexible pavement options: asphalt pavement and soil pavement. The research is motivated by the economic challenges faced by road engineers and contractors in Nigeria due to poor road conditions and the associated high maintenance costs. The study employs RealCost 3.0 software and follows a 35-year evaluation period methodology to account for all life cycle costs, including construction, maintenance, and user costs. The analysis considers design alternatives, agency costs, user costs, maintenance costs, and discount rates. The study compared two pavement alternatives, Asphalt Pavement (Alternative 1) and Surface Dressing Pavement (Alternative 2), focusing on key financial metrics such as the Undiscounted Sum, Net Present Value (NPV), and Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC). The Undiscounted Sum, representing total expenses over the project's lifespan, reveals that Alternative 1 incurs $1,170,436.88(₦925,825,091.28), while Alternative 2 costs $441,433.94(₦348,878,774.54). Considering the time value of money, NPV is higher for Alternative 1 at $1,136,191.38(₦896,236,417.58), compared to $413,271.56(₦326,795,499.75) for Alternative 2. The EUAC, indicating uniform annual costs equivalent to NPV, is $41,060.38 (₦32,476,199.78) for Alternative 1 and $14,935.06(₦11,793,070.46) for Alternative 2. A higher NPV signals a financially attractive investment, while a lower NPV may suggest less economic viability, especially when factoring in the time value of money. The results highlight the economic benefits of asphalt pavement in the long term, considering durability and performance. The study recommends proper design and construction of drainage systems to reduce flooding, regular maintenance to extend pavement life for asphalt pavement, quality control in construction, and consideration of local conditions in pavement selection, while To minimize costly repairs or replacements surface dressing pavement in the future, regular maintenance such as sealing cracks and applying a sealant coat should be done to extend the life of the floor
Performance evaluation of asphaltic concrete produced using glass waste and eggshell as alternative fillers.
(Nile Journal Of Engineering and Applied Science, 2025-05-05) Otronyi Stephen Okojo; Abubakar Dayyabu; Yakubu Muktar Sakadadi; Amuda Akeem Gbenga; Mambo Abdulhameed; Muoka Anthony
Reliance on non-renewable natural resources in pavement construction poses environmental and sustainability challenges, hence possible incorporation of wastes becomes novel. This study investigates the performance of asphalt modified with glass waste and eggshell powder as alternative fillers. The materials were selected due to their distinct compositions: glass, predominantly silica-based, enhances stiffness which prevent cracks and reduces premature pavement distress, while eggshell, rich in calcium carbonate, improves adhesion and moisture resistance of pavement. Glass waste was collected, grounded and sieved through 0.075mm, also eggshell was collected, washed, dried, pulverized and sieved through the 0.075mm as required. XRD/SEM analysis was performed on the wastes to confirmed their silicate and calcium carbonate content. Marshall asphaltic concrete samples were prepared using the conventional fillers and tested for the optimum bitumen content determined as 6.53%. The optimum bitumen content was used to produce the modified asphalt with combined glass waste and eggshell as fillers at (0, 6, 12 and 18%) proportions. The modified samples were tested for stability, flow, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture susceptibility. All proportion’s result met the AASHTO and Nig. Min. of works specifications, with TSR values exceeding the AASHTO minimum of 80%, indicating excellent resistance to moisture-induced damage. Notably, the inclusion of eggshell powder improved the mixtures' anti-stripping properties compared to glass dust alone. Therefore, glass waste and eggshell can be combined and incorporated into asphalt mix as fillers up to 18% and will reduce the environmental challenges of wastes, cost-effective asphalt, promoting resource conservation and sustainability. Further studies are recommended to evaluate other engineering performance parameters.
Physical, mechanical and durability properties of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.: implications for sustainable construction in Nigeria
(ScienceDirect, 2025-05-05) Osezuah Abraham Orianegbena; Muoka Anthony; Obianyo Ifeyinwa Ijeoma; Mahamat Assia Abuobakar; Sanusi Abdulganiyu; Abubakar Dayyabu
The incidence and severity of climate-related problems such as flooding, erosion and extreme heat are increasing across the globe. Such problems are in part attributed to the construction industry’s dependency on high CO2-emission materials such as concrete and steel. Although there is a range of alternative materials, such as bamboo, which are in abundant supply, have low carbon footprints and are great thermal insulators, their use is quite low in Nigeria. We investigated how bamboo, specifically Bambusa vulgaris, from Abuja, Nigeria, could help meet the demands of building construction while being resilient to climate change. Laboratory tests were done to establish the physical, mechanical and durability properties of bamboo to evaluate its performance under different environmental conditions. Average water absorption percentages for fresh and dry bamboo samples were determined to be 16.0 % and 19.1 %, respectively, with moisture content averaging at 28.0 % and 17.7 %, respectively. The dry specimens had the greatest tensile strength, with a value of 84.8 MPa. The average compressive strengths were 13.7 MPa and 16.6 MPa for fresh and dry bamboo samples, respectively. We provide quantitative information on the physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris, demonstrating its structural performance and environmental impact as well as its sustainability and potential ability to counteract the negative effects of climate change. Our research will assist in the formulation of building regulations and standards in addition to encouraging the use of bamboo in eco–friendly construction uses.