Faculty of Law
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Item The Relevance of Peace Education in Today’s Context(International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2015-02-02) Momodu FatimaThis article explores the relevance of peace education in the present day by studying the works of three prominent peace educators. The field of peace education is so broad that it encompasses works of scholars from seemingly different background who however aim at tackling violence in their societies using peace education as a tool for the promotion of social justice. For instance, W.E.B. DuBois’ work focuses on the elimination of racism and racial inequality targeted at African Americans; Friere’s work is geared towards the elimination of oppression in a society with a wide gap between the haves and the have-nots; and Appiah focuses his work on the need for the respect of the other in society towards the attainment of a society where diversity is celebrated. This article recognizes that one of the root causes of most conflicts today is identity and the peace educator’s discussed here have centralized their work on the elimination of conflicts affecting their societies caused by structural or cultural violence targeting the collective identity of a peopleItem Restorative Justice in the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission(Journal of Customary and Religious Law, 2025-02-02) Momodu Fatima; Melike YilmazThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) , established in South Africa, is a model for other TRC because it addresses the injustice, reparations, and healing processes that took place during the postapartheid era in South Africa, which has been classified as a crime against humanity. It is critical to consider how restorative justice is applied and the kinds of remedies it might provide for South Africa. The victims, their families, society, and the country can benefit from restorative justice. Restorative justice seeks to bring about healing by viewing trauma as a social problem that everyone in society must deal with rather than an individual issue since trauma is a common experience that is collectivelyshared. This paper uses the doctrinal research methodology to employ restorative justice in resolving the education conflict in postapartheid South Africa. The Bantu Education Law during the apartheid regime in South Africa severely limited black people’s right to an education. This resulted in a generation-long conflict that is challenging to resolve, one that has also had an impact on future generations. Restorative justice, which was tried in South Africa after apartheid, provided an avenue to resolve this conflict and provided the only way to start talks that would lead to positive peace. The simplest definition of restorative justice’s fundamental tenet is “repairing damage, replacing it, or compensating it.Item The implications and effects of ChatGPT on academic scholarship and authorship(INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY LAW, 2023-02-02) Abubakar Sodangi Fadila; Ayodele Morocco-Clarke; Fatima MomoduChatGPT, an artificial intelligence large language model, took the world by storm in November 2022.Its launch was met with excitement, and it garnered over 1 million users within the first five days of its release, surpassing social media giants like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and even the top search engine, Google. Having been trained on volumes of data, ChatGPT has displayed the ability to produce human-like responses to questions. Concerns have been raised among members of the academic and research community regarding the ethical usage of ChatGPT and language models in education and academic/ scientific research. This paper examines the development and rise of ChatGPT and similar AI tools, their pros and cons, their impact on academic research and possible intellectual property conflicts. It concludes that ChatGPT and language models are here to stay and makes recommendations for its ethical usage to prevent and detect plagiarism and protect intellectual property rights.Item The Social Legal Analysis of the Dynamics of an Ideology of Terror(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2014-02-02) Zuru Shehu Abdullahi; Mustapha BintubeItem Russia’s War Against Ukraine(American Journal of Society and Law ( AJSL), 2023-02-02) Bukar Muhammad IbrahimIn February 2022, Russian forces invaded Ukraine and began targeting military objectives in some major Ukrainian cities. In the following months, airstrikes continued and extended to other areas of Ukraine, including the capital Kyiv. Attacks started being conducted against civilians too. For instance, it has been reported that an apartment complex outside of Kharkiv was directly targeted. International humanitarian law, or the laws of war, protects civilians and noncombatants from the dangers of armed conflict. It addresses the conduct of hostilities-the means and methods of warfare - by all parties to a conflict. Foremost is the rule that parties to a conflict must always distinguish between combatants and civilians. While humanitarian law recognizes that some civilian casualties are inevitable during hostilities, it imposes a duty on parties to the conflict to distinguish between combatants and civilians at all times, and to target only combatants and other military objectives. Civilians lose their immunity from attack when they are “directly participating in the hostilities” - such as by assisting combatants during a battle. This article aimed to contribute to the understanding of the contravention of the international legal framework that regulates the use of force in the Russia - Ukraine armed conflict and how a powerful member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) deliberately circumvented treaty provisions on the use of force. The article concludes with a sidebar of the need to exploit avenues for accountability that will help to forestall future occurrences.Item The Litmus Test of R2P(Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 2016-02-02) Bukar Muhammad IbrahimThe intervention in Libya in 2011 was the first litmus test the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect. The doctrine is an extension of responsibility on states to ensure adequate protection of civilian population under threat of attack. Sovereignty under the new doctrine comes with the responsibility. The crux of the paper is the analysis of the legality and legitimacy of the military intervention in Libya. It is the contention of the author that the intervention does not conform with the stated objective spelled out in the United Nations Resolution 1973 which was basically to take measures that will protect the vulnerable population under threat of attack in Libya. Among other things, the author argues that the intervention was overstretched in order to fulfill the ulterior motive of regime change. The paper argues that the principle of the Responsibility to Protect was subordinated and the western powers could not exhaust all peaceful measures before opting for the use of force as provided in the Charter of the United Nations. It is the contention of the author that regime change was instead pursued to guarantee the interest of the western powers in the oil-rich state of Libya. Secondary sources such as books, peer review articles, newspapers and magazines were utilised.Item Same Sex Marriage, Human Rights and Death Penalty(Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion, 2016-02-02) Dubagari Umar AbubakarThere has been a growing movement in a number of countries to regard marriage as a right which should be extended to gay and lesbian couples. The agitations for legal recognition of same-sex marriage cut across race, ethnicity, age, religion, political affiliation, and socio-economic status. This is a serious challenge to marriage as a sacrosanct institution. However, the response to these agitations varies from one country to the other with religion and culture as determinant factor. Islam prescribed capital punishment for same sex marriage and treats the couples as miscreant, while the Common Law sees same sex marriage as fundamental human rights and abrogated capital punishment. But freedom of religion is in itself a fundamental right. In contradistinction with law as the will of the people, religion is a complete way of life to the Muslims.Item Assessing the Role of TRIPS Agreement for Inaccessibility and Un-affordability of Essential Medicines in Nigeria(Journal of Commerce & Trade, 2015-02-02) Dubagari Umar AbubakarIntellectual property rights (IPRs) protection was not recognised in Nigeria and essential medicines were accessible and affordable to all but reverse is the case with the implementation of TRIPS agreement on IPRs. This resulted in inordinate policy formulation and implementation that exacerbates the public health care despite Nigeria’s endowment with enormous human and natural resources. This paper argues that patents protection hinders access and affordability to essential medicines in Nigeria. It also argues that pharmaceutical companies prevent developing countries from utilising the TRIPS flexibilities to access essential medicines for their citizens. It concludes that access and affordability to essential medicines are additional challenges to Nigeria. The paper is based on the anti-corporate globalisation movement theory. The theory advocates for a world structured by human values other than greed and domination, one less dominated by the culture and values of global capital. The economic, political, and cultural interconnectedness signified by globalisation is irreversible and possibly a good thing, this interconnection, could potentially serve the interests of people and the earth, not just the elites. Although the rich and powerful have shaped globalisation in their interest, the anti-globalisation theory is a counter-movement that seeks to reshape the interconnected world in the interests of people and the planetItem Same Sex Marriage, Human Rights and Death Penalty(IISTE, 2016-02-02) Dubagari Umar AbubakarThere has been a growing movement in a number of countries to regard marriage as a right which should be extended to gay and lesbian couples. The agitations for legal recognition of same-sex marriage cut across race, ethnicity, age, religion, political affiliation, and socio-economic status. This is a serious challenge to marriage as a sacrosanct institution. However, the response to these agitations varies from one country to the other with religion and culture as determinant factor. Islam prescribed capital punishment for same sex marriage and treats the couples as miscreant, while the Common Law sees same sex marriage as fundamental human rights and abrogated capital punishment. But freedom of religion is in itself a fundamental right. In contradistinction with law as the will of the people, religion is a complete way of life to the Muslims.