Research Articles in Mechanical Engineering
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Item Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars from Local Steel Plants(Springer, 2019-06-06) Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Wasiu Shittu; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Olumide AdeyemoSteel bars are important engineering materials for structural application. In Nigeria, due to incessant building collapse occurrences, it is important to further investigate some of the mechanical and chemical properties of reinforcing steel bars produced from scrap metals in order to ascertain their compliance with the required standard. Three diameters (10, 12 and 16 mm) of the reinforcing steel bars were chosen from each of the eight steel plants (A–H). Chemical composition analyses and mechanical tests (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation) were performed using optical emission spectrometer and Instron Satec Series 600DX universal testing machine, respectively. Hardness values of the samples were obtained by conversion of tensile strength based on existing correlation. The results showed that carbon contents, hardness values, yield and ultimate tensile strengths of some of the steel bars were found to be higher than the BS4449, NIS and ASTM A706 standards. The steel bar samples were also found to possess good ductility with samples from steel plants C and D. By observation, all the 12 mm steel bars from steel plants A to H met the required ASTM and BS4449 standards except samples from plant G. This study revealed that most of the investigated reinforcing steel bars have reasonable yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility and hardness properties when compared with the relevant local and international standards. Therefore, they are suitable for structural applications where strength and ductility will be of paramount interestItem Effect of copper addition and solution heat treatment on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy using formulated bio-quenchant oils(Engineering and Applied Science Research, 2020-01-01) Adekunle A.S.; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Omoniyi P. O.; Gbadamosi T. A.; Jamiu Kolawole OdusoteAddition of copper and use of solution heat treatment solution with bio degradable vegetable oils as quenchants has great potential to improve the mechanical properties of aluminum and its alloys. In this study, copper was added to as-received Al- Si-Mg alloy to produce Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. The specimens were quenched with blended bleached bio-quenchant oils and a petroleum-based oil after solution heat treatment. The alloy was heat treated at 500℃, soaked for 20 minutes in a muffle furnace before quenching in the formulated bio-quenchant oils. The cooling properties, mechanical properties and microstructure of the solution treated specimens were determined. Blended bleached melon (BBM) oil was observed to have offered a higher cooling rate of 49.3 ℃ s-1 compared to the petroleum-based (PB) oil with a cooling rate of 25.8 ℃ s-1. Blended bleached melon oil exhibited the highest quench severity value of 1.0074 m-1, while petroleum-based oil was 0.6133 m-1. The as-received alloy and as-cast alloy specimens exhibited tensile strength values of 125.33 and 131.37 N mm-2, respectively, while a higher tensile strength value of 139.30 Nmm-2 was obtained using the blended bleached melon oil. The highest Rockwell hardness number, 61.00 HRB, was obtained using blended bleached melon oil. The overall mechanical properties of specimens improved after the addition of copper and heat treatment in various bio-quenchant oilsItem PHYSICO-TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WEAR MECHANISM OF HYBRID REINFORCED Al6063 MATRIX COMPOSITES(SciCell, 2021-02-02) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Makanjuola Oki; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Olanrewaju Adesina; Peter OmoniyiThe development of engineering materials is continuously attracting attention from scientists and engineers for numerous engineering applications. The physical properties and wear mechanism of aluminium (Al 6063) matrix reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) particulates at different weight ratios ranging from 0 to 10 wt. % with 2 wt.% intervals were investigated. The liquid route of double stir casting was employed in synthesizing the composites. The wear experiment was conducted using the Taber-type wear abrasion machine. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while the intermetallic phases were examined using the x-ray diffractometer (XRD). From the result, the increase in PKSA and SiC lowered and improved the density of the composites, respectively. The percentage porosity values (2 - 2.4%) obtained in this study were found to be within the acceptable limit of less than 4% for metal matrix composites castings. The mass loss and wear index increased owing to the rotating speed and applied load increase due to the occurrence of mechanical mixing between the contacting surface of the sample disk and the machined disc. Adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major mechanisms observed in this study. The produced sample showed low wear resistance and will be found useful in areas with low frictional interactions.Item Microstructural assessment of AISI 1021 steel under rapid cyclic heat treatment process(Elsevier, 2019-10-13) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; T. A. Orhadahwe; J.O. Aweda; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; O.O. AgboolaThis research was aimed at using image analysis to describe the effects of rapid cyclic heating on mild steel. AISI 1021 steel sample used in this study was subjected to quenching heat treatment followed by 1, 2, 3, and 4-cycles of rapid heat treatment. The as-treated steel samples were characterized by Brinell hardness tests, Charpy V-notch impact tests, optical microscopy, and image analysis using Image J software. The results revealed that the grain size decreased from 1.07 μm in the control sample to 0.79 μm in the third cycle sample and increased to 0.86 μm in the fourth cycle sample. However, the results revealed that two-cycles of rapid heat treatment was enough to produce ultra-fine grains and impact ductility in mild carbon steel. Keywords: Mechanical properties, Collapsed building, Steel rods, Chemical compositions, Percentage elongationItem Magnesium inclusion effect on Al-Zn-Cu alloys: A study on microstructure and mechanical properties(Elsevier, 2021-04-14) Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; S.A. Muraina; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Ibrahim Momoh-Bello OmiogbemiThe microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Cu alloy with magnesium inclusion varying between 0.5 and 1.5 wt% were explored in this investigation. Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy was prepared by sand casting. Heat-treatment was done on the cast alloy samples at 460 °C for 2 h, which was then water-quenched. The samples at 160 °C were age-hardened for 5 h. Mechanical tests were done on both the heat-treated and as-cast alloy samples. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for the surface morphology of the samples. The maximum tensile strength (178.04 N/mm2) and hardness value (42.49 HB) were obtained from the Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy samples with 0.33 wt% Mg and 0.001 wt% Mg, respectively. In the as-cast samples, the reinforcing intermetallic phases present was coarse in nature while the precipitation hardened samples showed well-distributed reinforcing intermetallic phases which are fine grain size. Hence, the tensile strength of the cast Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy was positively influenced with the addition of magnesium while precipitation hardening eliminates micro segregations, thus, Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy mechanical properties were improved. Thus, the Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy can be useful in automobile industry.Item Dataset on the evaluation of chemical and mechanical properties of steel rods from local steel plants and collapsed building sites(Elsevier, 2018-11-02) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; J.K. Odusote; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; O.A. Lasode; O.O. Agboola; A. Ammasi; K.R. AjaoThe quality of steel rods used in structural applications has been subjected to continuous scrutiny by researchers in Nigeria. In this data article, the experimental data on the chemical and mechanical properties of steel rods from collapsed building sites and local steel plants have been reported. The chemical composition consisting of carbon, manganese, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus among other elements were recorded using an optical emission spectrometer. Some of the main elements were used to evaluate the carbon equivalent value and the results are reported in this article. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation were also presented as obtained from the universal testing machine. The hardness values of the steel rod samples were also presentedItem Optimization of the tribological properties of hybrid reinforced aluminium matrix composites using Taguchi and Grey’s relational analysis(Elsevier, 2021-07-05) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Makanjuola Oki; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; O.O. AgboolaThe tribological properties of synthesized hybrid reinforced aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have been optimized in this study using Taguchi and grey relational analysis (GRA), methods where a L16 orthogonal array was used for the experimental design. Hybrid palm kernel shell ash (0–6 wt.%) and SiC (2 wt.%) formed the reinforcements of interest, which were combined in ratios ranging between 2 and 8 wt.%. Different loads (250, 500, 750, and 10 0 0 g) and speeds (250, 500, 750, and 10 0 0 rpm) were used as control factors. The wear samples were produced using the double-stir casting method, while a Taber type abrasion machine was used for the wear experiments. The evaluated wear index and volume loss showed that the speed and load were better influential factors on the performance characteristics of the composites than wt.% of reinforcements. The Taguchi-Grey’s relational analysis gave the optimal combination of the process parameters for both the wear index and the volume loss as A3 B1 C1 (Reinforcement = 6 wt.%; Load = 250 g; Speed = 250 rpm) and A1 B1 C1 (Reinforcement = 2 wt.%; Load = 250 g; Speed = 250 rpm), respectively. The predicted and experimental values at the optimum conditions were confirmed to be within the range based on the performance of the confirmation test. The utilization of Taguchi and GRA methods have significantly confirmed that the influence of speed as a factor of performance was higher than load, which in turn was a better influencing factor than wt.% of reinforcementsItem Tribological and physical properties of hybrid reinforced aluminium matrix composites(Elsevier, 2021-04-14) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Makanjuola Oki; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; A.A. Adediran; O.O. Agboola; O. Babayeju; N. Egbo; Ibrahim Momoh-Bello OmiogbemiAbstract This study considers the physical and tribological properties of hybrid reinforced aluminium matrix composites using Al 6063 alloy and silicon carbide (SiC) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as reinforcements. The reinforcements used were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% in the matrix metal at different ratios of the SiC and PKSA using the double stir casting method. Experimental density and porosity of the samples were determined. Taber wear abrasion tester was utilized in the wear test experimentation. The results disclosed that the density of the composite reduced with PKSA increment, while other samples with SiC increment have improved density. The porosity percentage results showed that the double stir casting method used was acceptable as the values were within the permissible limit for cast MMCs. The sliding speed and applied load increment increased the mass loss and wear index for all the samples.