Research Articles in Mechanical Engineering
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Item Formation of Ceiling Boards by the Combination of Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Husk.(ICGET, 2018-10-26) Seun Jesuloluwa; Ige BoriConstructing housing components from agricultural wastes have become a special area of research in engineering. Hence a lot of resources is pushed into this to obtain sustainable, eco-friendly and low-cost houses. This work studies some properties of ceiling boards produced from sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. The ceiling boards were produced using water, cement as binder with binder composite ratio of 3:2 by weight, sugarcane bagasse and rice husk of varying ratios by weight from 100% of bagasse to 0% of it with a 25% decrease. The compression of the boards was done manually using moulded block as weight. From the results, it was observed that the ceiling board produced with 100% sugarcane bagasse has better properties to be considered for ceiling board as compared with the most commonly used ceiling boards like Plaster of Paris(POP), asbestos and Poly Vinyl Chloride(PVC). The properties examined are thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity, water absorption and density. The better ceiling board has thermal conductivity to be 2.27W/mK, thermal resistivity of 0.441 mK/W, water absorption of 16.89 and density of 470.3 kg/m3Item Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars from Local Steel Plants(Springer, 2019-06-06) Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Wasiu Shittu; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Olumide AdeyemoSteel bars are important engineering materials for structural application. In Nigeria, due to incessant building collapse occurrences, it is important to further investigate some of the mechanical and chemical properties of reinforcing steel bars produced from scrap metals in order to ascertain their compliance with the required standard. Three diameters (10, 12 and 16 mm) of the reinforcing steel bars were chosen from each of the eight steel plants (A–H). Chemical composition analyses and mechanical tests (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation) were performed using optical emission spectrometer and Instron Satec Series 600DX universal testing machine, respectively. Hardness values of the samples were obtained by conversion of tensile strength based on existing correlation. The results showed that carbon contents, hardness values, yield and ultimate tensile strengths of some of the steel bars were found to be higher than the BS4449, NIS and ASTM A706 standards. The steel bar samples were also found to possess good ductility with samples from steel plants C and D. By observation, all the 12 mm steel bars from steel plants A to H met the required ASTM and BS4449 standards except samples from plant G. This study revealed that most of the investigated reinforcing steel bars have reasonable yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility and hardness properties when compared with the relevant local and international standards. Therefore, they are suitable for structural applications where strength and ductility will be of paramount interestItem Assessment of Suitability of Nigerian Made Steel Bars for Structural Applications(The Journal of the Association of Professional Engineers of Trinidad and Tobago, 2016-10-02) Abdul Ganiyu F. Alabi; Akintunde O. Ayoade; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Adekunle Akanni AdelekeThe mechanical properties of selected reinforcing steel bars produced from two rolling mills in Osun State, Nigeria were studied. An optical emission spectrometer was used for chemical composition analysis while the tensile test was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. Izod v-notched was used for impact test, while the hardness values were obtained from Brinnel hardness tester. Scanning Electron Microscope was used for the fractured surface fractography. The Ultimate Tensile Strengths (UTS) of all the samples are higher than BSS4449:2005+A2:2005 standard and are also in close proximity to A707M-15 standard. Samples A12, B10 and B12 possessed higher yield strengths than samples A16 and B16 but lower than those of BSS4449:2005+A2:2005 and A707M-15 standards. Ductile property of the samples doubled the recommended Nst-65-Mn standard values while the hardness and ductility properties are higher than the recommended A707M-15 and BS4449 standards. The results showed that the investigated reinforcing bar samples possessed reasonably high strength and ductility when compared with available standards. Consequently, these bars would be suitable for structural applications where strength and ductility are critical properties. They would also be used in steel reinforcement applications that would require continuous and repetitive loading such as in buildings and bridges.Item Experimental data on mechanical properties evaluation of medium carbon steel quenched in different waste media(Elsevier, 2018-09-05) T.S. Olabamiji; C.O. Osueke; B.T. Ogunsemi; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; D.C. Uguru-Okorie; Adeolu Adesoji Adediran; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; O.O. AgboolaSeveral wastes can be instrumental in the improvement of the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel when quenched. The quenching media employed such as coconut water (CW), pap water (PW) and spent engine oil (SPE) have been largely considered as wastes. The data in this article are related to the research article titled "Mechanical Properties Improvement Evaluation of Medium Carbon Steels Quenched in Different Media" (Ikubanni et al., 2017) [1]. The article provides information on the mechanical properties evaluation of medium carbon steel quenched in different media. Twenty-seven (27) samples of medium carbon steel samples were heated to temperatures of 730 °C, 760 °C and 790 °C and soaked for 30, 45 and 60 min respectively. The test results recorded include hardness value, yield strength (YS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for each of the samples at different heating temperatures and soaking time for the different quenching media.Item Mechanical Properties Improvement Evaluation of Medium Carbon Steels Quenched in Different Media(Trans Tech Publications,, 2017-09-12) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Adediran, A.A; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Ajao, K.R.; Agboola, O.O.The effect of quenching on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steels using coconut (CW) water, pap water (PW) and spent engine oil (SPE) which have been largely considered as wastes was investigated. All specimens were normalized at a temperature of 840 in order to remove residual stresses induced during machining operations. Various specimens were heated to ranges of 730-790 and soaked for the range of 30-60 minutes respectively. Brinnel hardness tester was used to obtain the hardness values while Testometric M500-50AT model machine was used for the tensile test of the specimens. The highest hardness value (609.97 BHN) was obtained from the specimen heated to 790 quenched in pap water as compared with 166.4 BHN for the normalized as-received sample. The yield (YS) and ultimate tensile (UTS) strengths of the quenched specimens were better than the normalized as-received sample. SPE-quenched samples yielded the highest YS and UTS combined. The hardness value increased while YS and UTS decreased with soaking time for different temperatures. The highest hardness value for the specimens was obtained from coconut and pap water. Rather than been considered as wastes, coconut water, pap water and spent engine oil can improve the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel when used as quenching media.Item Mechanical properties and microstructure of precipitation-hardened Al-Cu-Zn alloys(UMP Publisher, 2015-12-30) Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; P. A. AjayiMany automobile components are made from aluminium and its alloys because of their suitable properties. Metals and their alloys are usually subjected to heat treatment in order to improve their properties. Thus, the effect of precipitation hardening on the mechanical properties and microstructure of sand cast aluminum alloys was investigated. The cast AlCu-Zn alloy samples were heat-treated at 460 °C for 2 hours, quenched in water and then age-hardened at 160 °C for 5 hours. Tensile, impact and hardness tests were carried out on the heat-treated and the as-cast Al-Cu-Zn alloys samples. The surface morphology of both the as-cast and the precipitation hardened samples was observed using digital metallurgical microscope. The ultimate tensile strength of the precipitation hardened samples A2 (81.2Al: 1.56Cu: 8.33Zn) and B2 (81.7Al: 3.25Cu: 6.16Zn) are 173.42 N/mm 2 and 168.02 N/mm 2 , respectively. These values are higher than those of the as-cast samples A1 and B1, which are 168.02 N/mm 2 and 157.84 N/mm 2 , respectively. The precipitation hardened Al alloy samples also displayed higher hardness, impact energy and elongation than the as-cast samples, indicating improved properties. The presence of coarse reinforcing intermetallic phases was observed in the as-cast samples as compared to the well-distributed fine grain size microstructure of intermetallic phases in the precipitation hardened samples. It can be concluded that precipitation hardening improves the mechanical and microstructure properties of aluminum alloys and thus will find wider applications in automobile industries for the production of components and parts.Item Mild pyrolytic treatment of Gmelina arborea for optimum energetic yields(Taylor and Francis, 2019-03-17) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; O. A. Lasode; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; M Malathi; Dayanand PaswanOne of the most promising routes to produce solid biofuel from biomass is mild pyrolytic treatment (torrefaction). In the present study, mild pyrolytic treatment of Gmelina arborea was carried out to obtain optimum energetic yields (mass yield, higher heating value and energy yield). The biomass of 0.5–6 mm particle sizes were torrefied at two different temperatures, 240 and 300°C for residence time of 30 and 60 min. Full-factorial experimental method was used for the optimization of torrefaction conditions in order to produce solid fuel with high energetic yields. The analyses revealed that torrefied biomass was better in terms of heating value, proximate contents and fuel ratio. The results also showed that temperature has the largest effect on the energetic yields compared to residence time and particle size. The optimum torrefaction conditions that produced the highest energetic yields were temperature of 260°C, residence time of 60 min and particle size of 2 mm as predicted using the factorial linear models. The optimum conditions were experimentally validated and the energetic yields obtained were acutely close to those predicted using factorial linear models developed in this study. Hence, mild pyrolytic treatment at a temperature of 260°C, residence time of 60 min and particle size of 2 mm is useful to produce solid biofuel with maximum energetic yields.Item Fabrication and Evaluation of Screw-like Fish Pelletizer(IOP Publishing, 2019-12-18) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; O.O. Agboola; B.T. Ogunsemi; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; R.A. IbikunleGood and balanced meals are required for fish to stay healthy and the production of these meals requires some machines like pelletizer. This study therefore contributes to the improvement of existing models of this machine by designing, fabricating and evaluating the performance of a new pelletizer. After fabrication, 5 kg fish feed ingredients weight was processed for 2.5 minutes in the machine in quadruplicate. The average discharge efficiency, percentage loss due to residue ingredients and production rate for the machine are 92.25 %, 7.75 % and 110.7 kg/h, respectively. The results showed that an increase in drying days led to a corresponding increase in percentage moisture content removal with a similar reduction in the weight of the pelletized fish meal. This machine will be of great assistant to medium and small-scale aquaculture farmers, thereby reducing the need for foreign sources of fish feed in fish farming sector.Item Evaluation of thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of melina wood(Taylor and Francis, 2019-08-06) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; J. K. Odusote; O. A. Lasode; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; M. Madhurai; D. PaswanThe evaluation of thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of melina wood were investigated. Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses of the melina wood were carried out based on standards. Melina wood was subjected to multiple heating rates (5–15 C/min) in thermogravimetric experiment. Two prominent isoconversional methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Starink) were adopted to obtain kinetic parameters from the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis curves. The ash, volatile matter and carbon contents of the melina were 2.15, 81.42 and 47.05%, respectively, while the calorific value was 18.72 MJ/kg. The main devolatilization stage of melina ranged from 220 C to 350 C while 80% weight loss was obtained below 400 C. The activation energy varied between approximately 15 and 162 kJ/mol as a function of degree of conversion. The pre-exponential factors varied between 1.60E þ 2 and 5.67 E þ 12/min. The decomposition kinetic mechanism of melina is concluded to be a multi-step reactionItem Design and Fabrication of an Adjustable Sitting Inclinations Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Chair(De Gruyter, 2016-11-22) K. R. Ajao; T. Yahaya; H. A. Ajimotokan; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; M. Bello; O. OjegbenroThe adjustable sitting inclination rehabilitation chair was fabricated with mild steel and soft upholstered fabric was used for the overlay on the seat, headrest and armrest. The components were coupled with a linear actuator at the upper frame for the reclining of the backrest about it axis. The wheels are located outboard of the seat of the chair to enhance stability while foot rest supports the posterior weight of the users. The narrow seat allows free movement of the leg when the user is seated. Sitting inclinations of 120 and 135° protect the spine disc from compression and proffer more comfort for the users than other angles experimented. The adjustable sitting inclination SCRC is simple and affordable for low-income people with Spinal cord injury, especially for those in developing countries in order to support other therapies for their recovery processes.
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