Research Articles in Medicine & Surgery

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.nileuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/100

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Start date: 2020End date: 2023

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    Appraisal of Antibiotic Prescribing Profile of Patients sent for Laboratory Investigations in a Tertiary Hospital, Jos - Nigeria
    (IOSRPHR, 2020-11-02) Ogundeko, T.O.; Builders, M.; Ramyil, M.S.C.; Adu, P.J; Onuwe, A.A.; Ogbole, E.A.; Onubi, J.; Bassi Amos Paul; Bello, C.S.S.; Sokomba, E.N.
    Background: The danger associated with unguided and unmonitored prescribing of antibiotics in health institutions calls for antibiotic policies in order to avoid deviation from the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Institutions that uphold compliance should be highly commended. This study was aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Trend and adherence-check on antibiotics prescriptions in compliance with the WHO and the institutions essential drug lists (IEDL), identification of prevalent infections especially from clients sent to the laboratory for various investigations before prescriptions were reviewed from 620 Hospital cards of the General Out-Patients Department (GOPD). Results: Gender distribution was females 343(55.3%) than males 277 (44.7%), with the majority age range of 25-34 years 227 (36.6%). From a total of 820 (single and multiple requests), stool specimen 257 (31%) was the highest, followed by urine, blood and sputum. Though, the females had higher percentage of request from the GOPD of BHUTH, but with no significant difference between the number of laboratory investigations in relation to gender at p<0.05 (p=0.7022). In addition, the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics was Quinolones (51.8%). This was followed by Penicillins (21.6%), Sulfonamides (13.5%), Tetracyclins (12.2%) and Cephalosphorins (0.9%) respectively from monotherapy (90.5%) and multiple therapies (9.5%). Also, there is no significant difference between the category of antibiotics prescribed and gender at p<0.05 (p=0.6788) in BHUTH. The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was respiratory tract infections (26.3%). Present study indicated significant relationship between gender and common diagnoses to antibiotics prescribing at p<0.05 (p=3.88) in BHUTH. All (100%) prescribed antibiotics were found in both WHO and BHUTH Essential Drug Lists. Conclusion: This study points out good compliance antibiotic prescribing practice with WHO and institutional recommended standards. It further showed that females are prescribed with antibiotics more than their male counterparts.
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    A case study of a circulating vaccine derived polio virus in a Nomad in Zaria – Kaduna state, Nigeria
    (World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2020-02-02) Tukur Mustapha; Bakam Clement Kure; Balarabe Hadiza; Ogundeko Timothy Olugbenga; Bassi Amos Paul; Ramyil Mamzhil Seljul Crown; Dominic Bawa Maikaje
    Immunization regarding polio has yielded quite a tremendous positive impact as a result of campaigns and involvement of various stake holders from the grass root to the federal level in Nigeria. Interventions from international agencies and organizations in light of synergic partnership with Nigeria in order to tackle polio cannot be overemphasized. All these have helped to place Nigeria as one of the polio – free nations in the world. This was retrospective case study involving a 2 year old female orphan who was moved from a hygiene and sanitation- deficient and non-immune susceptible settlement fulani settlement in Kubau LGA to Anguwan Alkali community in Zaria in order to live with her grandmother. She was taken to Babban Dodo PHC in Zaria for community management of acute malnutrition programme as a malnourished child. The child was claimed to have been vaccinated. On the 18th of August 2018, the Assistant District Nursing officer of Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria was notified about case of a sudden onset of left limb flaccid paralysis that started on the 17th of August 2018. The case was reported to the Kaduna state ministry of health. After fitting the AFP case definition. Stool sample was taken for laboratory investigation. The sample was sent to the National Level Polio Immunization Laboratory at the University of Ibadan on the 21st August 2018. The laboratory test results came out positive for cVDPV2. Results from the community survey also showed that most of the catchment settlement for PHC Anguwan Alkali has RI coverage of less than 70%. The detection of the cVDPV2 strains underscores the importance of maintaining high level of often Routine Immunization coverage at all levels to minimize the risk and consequences of any poliovirus circulation in Zaria LGA-Nigeria
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    Comparative laboratory diagnosis of malaria
    (GSC Online Press, 2022-11-23) Aminat Omope Yusuf; Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko; Mamzil Seljul Crown Ramyil; Catherine Nadabo; Philemon Adu; Olusegun Godwin Adeniyi; Bassi Amos Paul
    Laboratory diagnosis of malaria is a vital key for its effective management. Diagnosis of malaria includes rapid, sensitive, and specific test methods. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of PfHRP2 rapid malaria test with reference to light microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH) Jos –Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 150 febrile patients attending BHUTH who were sent to the Hospital Laboratory from the General out patients Department (GOPD) for malaria parasite test (MPT)request had their blood sample collected and tested for malaria parasites (MP) using Field Stain A and B stain microscopy and PfHRP2 rapid malaria test between September and November 2021.Results shows that the sensitivity and specificity of PfHRP2 rapid malaria were 9.23% and 90.0% respectively, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values (PPV) as 90.0%and (NPV) as13. 2%. PfHRP2 rapid malaria test showed good sensitivity and specificity that is in agreement with that of the reference light microscopy. The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results compared well with the light microscopy (Gold standard) for Laboratory diagnosis for malaria. Sustained use of RDT as an alternative to light microscopy is recommended especially in malaria endemic areas and the rural communities where electricity is out of reach.
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    The Trend of Cholecystectomies After the Introduction of Laparoscopic Surgery in a District Hospital in Abuja, North Central Nigeria
    (Cureus, 2023-06-29) Michael E. Aghahowa; Iliya K. Salu; Rosemary M. Nwokorie; Oku S. Bassey; Sabastine N. Esomonu; Gali Bata Mtaku
    Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not readily available in secondary care hospitals in Nigeria, even though it is now the gold standard for the treatment of cholelithiasis and other gallbladder diseases worldwide. Thus, many hospitals in Nigeria still offer open cholecystectomies. This retrospective study investigated the trend of cholecystectomies performed in the general surgery unit of a district hospital in Abuja before and after the commencement of laparoscopic surgery services in 2016. Methodology This retrospective study was conducted in Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria The records of all patients who underwent a cholecystectomy from January 2000 to December 2019 were retrieved and analyzed for the number, types, and rate of cholecystectomies performed per year. All open cholecystectomies were performed via a right subcostal incision, whereas all laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed via the standard four-port incisions approach. Results A total of 96 patients underwent cholecystectomies from January 2000 to December 2019. In total, 50 (52.08%) open cholecystectomies were performed in 20 years with a yearly average of 2.5, and 46 (47.92%) laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed in four years with a yearly average of 11.5. The trend of open cholecystectomies in four years dropped from three (30%) in 2016 to one (5.26%) in 2019, whereas laparoscopic cholecystectomies increased from seven (70%) to 18 (94.74%) within the same period. Conclusions There is a drop in the trend of open cholecystectomies and an increase in both laparoscopic and total cholecystectomies in our hospital. We recommend adequate capacity and subsidized laparoscopic cholecystectomy for secondary healthcare facilities in Nigeria.