Research Articles in Medicine & Surgery
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Item Compliance with driver’s license laws and illegal licensing among commercial bus drivers in Lagos, Nigeria: Policy implications and evidence for action(The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2014-08-02) Ifeoma, P.O.; Kofoworola, A.O.; Duro, C.D.; Adebukola, A.A.Aims and Objectives To determine the level of compliance with driver’s license laws among commercial bus drivers in Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects, Materials and Methods Two intercity motor parks were selected by simple random sampling and all consenting minibus drivers participated in the study. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were also conducted with selected officials in the driver training and licensing authorities. Results Compliance with the minimum age for driving was high (93.6%), so also was having driving test prior to driver’s license procurement (83.3%). Formal driver training and VA testing were very low, (26.1% and 32.9% respectively) Overall, only 9.3% of them were found to have fulfilled all the pre-license obligations before obtaining their first driver’s license. The odds of a driver with a secondary education having formal driver training is 3.33 times higher than those with no education (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.01-11.35). Drivers who were 60 years or older were 3.62 times more likely to be compliant than those who were between 20-29 years (OR 3.62, 95% CI 0.56-29.19). For the 98.3% of them who possessed valid licenses, 52.3% of them obtained them illegally. All the key officials saw RTIs as a serious public health problem but faced several challenges in the course of their work. Conclusion: Overall compliance with pre-license regulations was very poor. There is need for a review and strict enforcement of driver’s license laws to improve compliance. Also vital are fostering inter-sectoral collaboration and improvement in the operations of all establishments involved in driver training and license procurement in Nigeria.Item Value of the Brain and Spinal Injury Center Score in Assessment and Prognosis of Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury(Neurotrauma Reports, 2024-02-02) Temitope, I.B.; Salman, A.Y.; Mahmud, R.J.; Jimoh, O.K.; Duro, C.D.The objective was to assess the severity of neurological injury in acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI) using the BASIC (Brain and Spinal Injury Center) score, to correlate with the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade at admission and at 3 months postinjury in patients managed for ATSCI at National Hospital, Abuja, and thereby validate the novel BASIC score. This was a prospective longitudinal hospital-based study involving consecutive patients diagnosed with ATSCI and managed at the National Hospital, Abuja. Sixty-five participants met the inclusion criteria. Each patient was resuscitated along the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol, followed by history, neurological examination according to the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), and AIS grades that were recorded. Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the injured spinal cord was done, and BASIC scores were assigned. Further management was as per the standard. Three months after injury, neurological examination was again carried out based on ISNCSCI and AIS grades assigned. Data were collected, analyzed, and correlated using Excel and SPSS version 23. Means, medians, correlation coefficients, and Fisher’s exact t-tests were determined. p-Value from grade B to C (6.2%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.04). BASIC score correlated moderately with admission AIS grade (p = 0.532). BASIC score also correlated moderately with AIS grade at 3 months postinjury (p = 0.546). BASIC score 4 was best at predicting poor outcome in ATSCI. In conclusion, BASIC score has a moderate correlation with AIS grade in ATSCI and can predict poor outcomes in ATSCI. BASIC score of 4 has the best discriminant value in prognosticating and represents severe SCI.Item Correlates of Socio-Demographic Variables and Attitude to Condom Use in HIV/AIDS Prevention among Students in Some Selected Nigerian Universities(Nigerian Medical Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020-02-02) Duru, F.I.; Yama, O.E.; Duro, C.D.; Odetola, A.A.; Danboyi, O.T.; Avidime, O.M.; Mohammed, K.A.Background: Unprotected heterosexual sexual act has been correlated with unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) especially HIV/AIDS, which still has a high endemicity in Africa. This study aimed to determine the association between socio demographic variables(SDVs),sexual experience, and the use of condom. Setting and Design:This was a cross sectionalstudy comprising 542 undergraduate students, randomly selected from three Nigerian universities. Methodology: Well structured open ended questionnaires were administered to respondents. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the association between SDVs and attitude to condom use and between the SDVs, sexual experience and the use of condom. Data were analyzed using Epi6 6.04 and SPSS 10.0 software packages. Pearson’s Chi square (χ2 ) and Fisher’s exact tests were used as applicable. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Approximately 46% of the respondents were sexually active (consisting of about 71% of those 25–29 years old and 58% of the males [P < 0.001]). About 50.4% had a single sexual partner and 86.7% had “ever used” condom. The most common reasons given for use of condom were prevention of pregnancy (91.7%) and STDs (89.1%). All the SDV except religion significantly (P < 0.05) accounted for the disparity in sexual attitudes of the students. Those aged 25 years and above, males and Tiv tribe were more likely to indulge in sexual activities (P < 0.001). More females (98%) compared to males (83%) had ever used condom in their sexual experience (P = 0.010), while there was no significant association between any of the SDVs and use of condom in the last sexual exposure (P > 0.05). Conclusion: SDVs play a role in determining the attitude of students towards condom use and sexual experiences. Programs regarding sexual and reproductive health including safe sex education especially among young Nigerian students should be developed or strengthened.Item Knowledge, treatment seeking and preventive practices in respect of malaria among patients with HIV attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2011-10-02) Akinwumi, A.; Akinyede A.; Charles O.; Olufunsho, A.; Sunday, O.O.; Duro, C.D.; Adebimpe, A.; Ademola, Y.Abstract: The synergistic interaction between Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and Malaria makes it mandatory for patients with HIV to respond appropriately in preventing and treating malaria. Such response will help to control the two diseases. This study assessed the knowledge of 495 patients attending the HIV clinic, in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Their treatment seeking, preventive practices with regards to malaria, as well as the impact of socio – demographic / socio - economic status were assessed. Out of these patients, 245 (49.5 %) used insecticide treated bed nets; this practice was not influenced by socio – demographic or socio – economic factors. However, knowledge of the cause, knowledge of prevention of malaria, appropriate use of antimalarial drugs and seeking treatment from the right source increased with increasing level of education (p < 0.05). A greater proportion of the patients, 321 (64.9 %) utilized hospitals, pharmacy outlets or health centres when they perceived an attack of malaria. Educational intervention may result in these patients seeking treatment from the right place when an attack of malaria fever is perceived.Item Knowledge of commercial bus drivers about road safety measures in Lagos, Nigeria(Annals of African Medicine, 2013-02-02) Okafor, I.P.; Odeyemi, K.A.; Duro, C.D.Background/Objective: Road traffic injuries have persisted as a serious public health problem and much of the health burden is in developing countries. Over speeding, poor enforcement of traffic regulations and commuter buses have been highly implicated in road traffic injuries in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine drivers’ knowledge of selected road safety measures, i.e. the pre requisites for driver’s license, road signs and speed limits. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out in Lagos, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to select the two motor parks used for the study and all the consenting commercial minibus drivers operating within the parks (407) were included in the study. Data was collected with a pre tested, structured, interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed with epi info statistical software. Results: Two hundred and sixty one (64.1%) of them knew that Visual Acuity test should be done before obtaining driver’s license and 53.8% knew the correct minimum age for obtaining driver’s license. Only 1% of the drivers had correct knowledge of the driver’s license authorities in Nigeria. The drivers had poor knowledge of road signs (59.0%) and poor knowledge of maximum speed limits (100%). The oldest, least educated and least experienced drivers had the poorest level of knowledge. Conclusion: The drivers demonstrated poor knowledge of road safety measures. There is need for driver education to improve their knowledge