Faculty of Engineering
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Item ASSESSMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STIR CAST Al6063 ALLOY REINFORCED WITH OKABA COAL ASH(SCICELL, 2023-03-23) Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Qudus Badrudeen; Adeiza Avidime Samuel; Olalekan Ogunniyi; Temitayo Samson OgedengbeComposite are multi-phase materials made up of matrix and reinforcement. This paper assesses the tribological property of Al6063 alloy (AMCs) reinforced with Okaba coal ash (OCA) using the stir casting method. By using a constant speed of 1000 rpm and two different loads (250 g and 750 g) on Taber wear apparatus, the tribological properties of the produced composite are contrasted with those of an unreinforced Al6063 alloy. The results show a reduction in wear index and the highest abrasion resistance at 4 wt.% coal ash at 500 g and 1000 rpm, as well as at 0, 2, and 6 wt.% with 8.688, 5.878, and 5.813 at 500g and 8.688, 5.878, 4.125, and 5.813 at 750g, respectively. Therefore, for all composite products compared to metal, there is an increase in abrasion resistance with a decrease in wear index, but this decreases when the load is increased to 750g, showing that the higher the load, the higher the wear index, which results in a reduction in abrasion resistance. Load is taken into greater consideration when using the AMCs manufactured in engineering applications. Additionally, SEM images revealed uniform distribution of the OCA reinforcement in the matrix alloy; thereby, improving its wear resistance.Item Combustion characteristics of fuel briquettes made from charcoal particles and sawdust agglomerates(Elsevier, 2019-10-14) H. A. Ajimotokan; A.O. Ehindero; Kabiru Sulaiman AJAO; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Y. L. Shuaib-BabataThe combustion characteristics of fuel briquettes made from Idigbo (Terminalia ivorensis) charcoal particles, pinewood (Pinus caribaea) sawdust and their agglomerates using gelatinized cassava peels were investigated. The charcoal particles and pine sawdust were blended in the mixing ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50, respectively and vice-versa. More so, briquettes were produced from pure charcoal particles and pine sawdust separately for the purpose of comparison with the blended briquettes. The gelatinized binder was 5% of the total briquettes weight. The briquettes were produced using a pressure of 5 MPa with a dwelling time of 5 min in a hydraulic briquetting machine. Proximate, elemental compositions and heating value analyses were carried out on the raw charcoal, sawdust, cassava peel, and their briquettes. The results showed that variations in the mixing ratios of the bio-residues had significant effects on all the properties investigated. An increase in the charcoal particles led to an increase in the fixed carbon content and heating value of the briquettes. Conversely, higher pine sawdust content in the briquette resulted in higher volatile matter content and lower heating value. The briquette made from pure charcoal particles had the highest heating value (24.9 MJ/kg) and ash content (6.0%). Its carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen contents were in the range of 44.6–50.1%, 5.1–5.6% and 34.4–41.5%, respectively. The proximate analysis, elemental composition analysis, and heating values of the produced fuel briquettes depicted that they have better combustion properties when compared to the raw charcoal, pine dust, and cassava peel. Thus, the produced briquettes would serve as good fuel for domestic and industrial applications.Item Tumbling strength and reactivity characteristics of hybrid fuel briquette of coal and biomass wastes blends(Elsevier, 2021-04-04) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; J.K. Odusote; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; O.O. Agboola; A.O. Balogun; O.A. LasodeThis paper presents an assessment of the tumbling strength and reactivity behaviour of hybrid fuel briquette (HFB) produced from coal and torrefied woody biomass wastes. Briquettes were produced using 97% coal and 3% torrefied biomass with the blend of pitch and molasses in different ratios as a binder. The briquettes were treated in an inert environment at 200–300 °C for a residence time of 60 and 120 min in a tubular furnace. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used to obtain the functional groups in the raw materials and the HFB. HFB were exposed to tumbling test (TSI+3mm) after curing and high temperature (1200 °C) exposure. Reactivity test (RI) of the HFB was carried out based on ASTM D5341M-14 standard. The FTIR spectra of the HFB show the presence of aromatic CC bonds and phenolic OH group. The TSI+3mm of the HFB samples drastically reduced from 95.5–98.3% for the treated to 57.4–77.4% for the samples exposed to 1200 °C. The reactivity indices of the HFB were in the range of 48–56%, which indicated that the HFB were highly reactive. Based on the TSI+3mm and RI, the HFB are suitable carbonaceous material in direct reduced iron making through rotary kiln.Item A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties(Elsevier, 2024-05-09) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Stephen S. Emmanuel; Moses O. Fajobi; Praise Nwachukwu; Ademidun A. Adesibikan; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Emmanuel O. Adeyemi; Oluwaseyi M. Abioye; Jude A. OkolieThe use of coal for energy generation is facing serious scrutiny because of environmental concerns. As a result, there is a growing global interest in biomass, a renewable and readily available energy source. However, the utilization of biomass comes with significant drawbacks, including its heterogeneity, low bulk density, and calorific value. Biomass also has a low energy content, high moisture, poor grindability, and high volatile matter, which affect its handling, bulk transportation, and storage. Torrefaction technology has been employed in previous works to improve the properties of biomass for subsequent handling and transportation and for low-cost energy generation. Since coal is a promising precursor for energy generation, it is imperative to compare the physicochemical properties of coal with that of torrefied biomass. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparison between various grades of coal and torrefied biomass. The review revealed that torrefied biomass could replace coal, as its properties are similar to those of coal, except for high-grade coals. The proximate and ultimate analyses of coals (lignite and bituminous) were found to be comparable to various torrefied biomass materials. The fuel ratio (0.5–2.0), and higher heating values (16,100–19,000 kJ/kg) of coal and torrefied biomass were within the range useful for coal-fired plants. Additionally, ash analyses, ash fusion temperature, hygroscopic tendency, functional group study, and microstructural comparison were reviewed in this study. The results from various studies have shown close similarities with only small disimilarities in the fuel properties between coal and torrefied biomass. Therefore, torrefied biomass is proposed as a complimentary feedstock to coal in various applications.