Faculty of Engineering
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Item Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars from Local Steel Plants(Springer, 2019-06-06) Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Wasiu Shittu; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Olumide AdeyemoSteel bars are important engineering materials for structural application. In Nigeria, due to incessant building collapse occurrences, it is important to further investigate some of the mechanical and chemical properties of reinforcing steel bars produced from scrap metals in order to ascertain their compliance with the required standard. Three diameters (10, 12 and 16 mm) of the reinforcing steel bars were chosen from each of the eight steel plants (A–H). Chemical composition analyses and mechanical tests (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation) were performed using optical emission spectrometer and Instron Satec Series 600DX universal testing machine, respectively. Hardness values of the samples were obtained by conversion of tensile strength based on existing correlation. The results showed that carbon contents, hardness values, yield and ultimate tensile strengths of some of the steel bars were found to be higher than the BS4449, NIS and ASTM A706 standards. The steel bar samples were also found to possess good ductility with samples from steel plants C and D. By observation, all the 12 mm steel bars from steel plants A to H met the required ASTM and BS4449 standards except samples from plant G. This study revealed that most of the investigated reinforcing steel bars have reasonable yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility and hardness properties when compared with the relevant local and international standards. Therefore, they are suitable for structural applications where strength and ductility will be of paramount interestItem Experimental data on mechanical properties evaluation of medium carbon steel quenched in different waste media(Elsevier, 2018-09-05) T.S. Olabamiji; C.O. Osueke; B.T. Ogunsemi; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; D.C. Uguru-Okorie; Adeolu Adesoji Adediran; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; O.O. AgboolaSeveral wastes can be instrumental in the improvement of the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel when quenched. The quenching media employed such as coconut water (CW), pap water (PW) and spent engine oil (SPE) have been largely considered as wastes. The data in this article are related to the research article titled "Mechanical Properties Improvement Evaluation of Medium Carbon Steels Quenched in Different Media" (Ikubanni et al., 2017) [1]. The article provides information on the mechanical properties evaluation of medium carbon steel quenched in different media. Twenty-seven (27) samples of medium carbon steel samples were heated to temperatures of 730 °C, 760 °C and 790 °C and soaked for 30, 45 and 60 min respectively. The test results recorded include hardness value, yield strength (YS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for each of the samples at different heating temperatures and soaking time for the different quenching media.Item Mechanical Properties Improvement Evaluation of Medium Carbon Steels Quenched in Different Media(Trans Tech Publications,, 2017-09-12) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Adediran, A.A; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Ajao, K.R.; Agboola, O.O.The effect of quenching on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steels using coconut (CW) water, pap water (PW) and spent engine oil (SPE) which have been largely considered as wastes was investigated. All specimens were normalized at a temperature of 840 in order to remove residual stresses induced during machining operations. Various specimens were heated to ranges of 730-790 and soaked for the range of 30-60 minutes respectively. Brinnel hardness tester was used to obtain the hardness values while Testometric M500-50AT model machine was used for the tensile test of the specimens. The highest hardness value (609.97 BHN) was obtained from the specimen heated to 790 quenched in pap water as compared with 166.4 BHN for the normalized as-received sample. The yield (YS) and ultimate tensile (UTS) strengths of the quenched specimens were better than the normalized as-received sample. SPE-quenched samples yielded the highest YS and UTS combined. The hardness value increased while YS and UTS decreased with soaking time for different temperatures. The highest hardness value for the specimens was obtained from coconut and pap water. Rather than been considered as wastes, coconut water, pap water and spent engine oil can improve the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel when used as quenching media.Item Mild pyrolytic treatment of Gmelina arborea for optimum energetic yields(Taylor and Francis, 2019-03-17) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; O. A. Lasode; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; M Malathi; Dayanand PaswanOne of the most promising routes to produce solid biofuel from biomass is mild pyrolytic treatment (torrefaction). In the present study, mild pyrolytic treatment of Gmelina arborea was carried out to obtain optimum energetic yields (mass yield, higher heating value and energy yield). The biomass of 0.5–6 mm particle sizes were torrefied at two different temperatures, 240 and 300°C for residence time of 30 and 60 min. Full-factorial experimental method was used for the optimization of torrefaction conditions in order to produce solid fuel with high energetic yields. The analyses revealed that torrefied biomass was better in terms of heating value, proximate contents and fuel ratio. The results also showed that temperature has the largest effect on the energetic yields compared to residence time and particle size. The optimum torrefaction conditions that produced the highest energetic yields were temperature of 260°C, residence time of 60 min and particle size of 2 mm as predicted using the factorial linear models. The optimum conditions were experimentally validated and the energetic yields obtained were acutely close to those predicted using factorial linear models developed in this study. Hence, mild pyrolytic treatment at a temperature of 260°C, residence time of 60 min and particle size of 2 mm is useful to produce solid biofuel with maximum energetic yields.Item Fabrication and Evaluation of Screw-like Fish Pelletizer(IOP Publishing, 2019-12-18) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; O.O. Agboola; B.T. Ogunsemi; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; R.A. IbikunleGood and balanced meals are required for fish to stay healthy and the production of these meals requires some machines like pelletizer. This study therefore contributes to the improvement of existing models of this machine by designing, fabricating and evaluating the performance of a new pelletizer. After fabrication, 5 kg fish feed ingredients weight was processed for 2.5 minutes in the machine in quadruplicate. The average discharge efficiency, percentage loss due to residue ingredients and production rate for the machine are 92.25 %, 7.75 % and 110.7 kg/h, respectively. The results showed that an increase in drying days led to a corresponding increase in percentage moisture content removal with a similar reduction in the weight of the pelletized fish meal. This machine will be of great assistant to medium and small-scale aquaculture farmers, thereby reducing the need for foreign sources of fish feed in fish farming sector.Item Evaluation of thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of melina wood(Taylor and Francis, 2019-08-06) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; J. K. Odusote; O. A. Lasode; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; M. Madhurai; D. PaswanThe evaluation of thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of melina wood were investigated. Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses of the melina wood were carried out based on standards. Melina wood was subjected to multiple heating rates (5–15 C/min) in thermogravimetric experiment. Two prominent isoconversional methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Starink) were adopted to obtain kinetic parameters from the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis curves. The ash, volatile matter and carbon contents of the melina were 2.15, 81.42 and 47.05%, respectively, while the calorific value was 18.72 MJ/kg. The main devolatilization stage of melina ranged from 220 C to 350 C while 80% weight loss was obtained below 400 C. The activation energy varied between approximately 15 and 162 kJ/mol as a function of degree of conversion. The pre-exponential factors varied between 1.60E þ 2 and 5.67 E þ 12/min. The decomposition kinetic mechanism of melina is concluded to be a multi-step reactionItem Comparative Analysis of Manual Strapping Method (MSM) and Electro-Optical Distance Ranging (EODR) Method of Tank Calibration(IOP Publishing, 2019-12-18) O.O. Agboola; B.O. Akinnuli; M. A. Akintunde; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Adekunle Akanni AdelekeOil storage tanks are mandated for calibration before putting to use and to be recalibrated as a statutory requirement at every five year interval. Oil tanks could be calibrated by geometrical methods such as Manual Strapping Method (MSM) and Electro-Optical Distance Ranging (EODR) method. This study compares both MSM and EODR in terms of cost incurred, duration of calibration and efficiency. Both methods were found to be efficient as they satisfied 95% minimum efficiency as stated by API MPMS 2.2 standard when compared with the wet method of tank calibration; though the cost of EODR was slightly higher than MSM but this was compensated with higher efficiency and reduced duration/time of calibrationItem Physico-Mechanical Properties of Particleboards Produced from Locally Sourced Materials(Trans Tech Publications, 2018-11-08) Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Adeolu Adesoji Adediran; O.O. AgboolaIn this study, particleboard was produced from the blend of sawdust and rice husk with the inclusion of metallic chips and adhesives. Urea formaldehyde and gelatinous starch were used as adhesives. Particleboards (10 mm thickness) were made from varying weight percentage ratio of saw dust and rice husk using pressure in the neighbourhood of 3 N/mm2 . The particleboard was tested to determine the density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding strength (IBS). The density of the particleboards developed varies from 762.86 to 801.60 kg/m3 . The moisture content of the samples varied between 9.22% and 9.98%. The MOR, MOE and IB values varied between 5.08 MPa and 26.08 MPa; 75.38 MPa and 412.4 MPa; and 0.013 MPa to 0.07 MPa, respectively. Composite samples C, E and H values for MOR, MOE and IBS gave significant results which met with the EN, ANSI A 208.1 and USDA standards. Hence, the admixture of rice husk and sawdust together with UF adhesive will be suitable in producing particleboard that could be useful for indoor and outdoor purposes.Item MODELING OF A PLANT LAYOUT FOR A LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS REFILLING PLANT(Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 2019-12-20) Adekunle Kolawole; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Oluwaseun Samuel Alaka; Olayinka Oluwole AgboolaAs a result of the volatile nature of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), the improper siting of facilities and equipment within a LPG refilling gas plant could lead to accidents with devastating effects. This study therefore seeks to lay out a LPG refilling plant such that the total risk in financial terms when the plant is exposed to an accident is minimized. This is necessary considering the conflicting objectives of reduced piping cost and increased separation distance between process units. This was achieved using the integrated approach of quantitative risk analysis and mathematical programming to the layout of a LPG refilling plant. The Dow Fire and Explosive Index was used as a quantitative risk tool to evaluate the potential hazardous units and their distances of exposure were incorporated into a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). This was done to minimize the piping cost and the residual risk posed to the units in the event of an accident. It was solved using the AMPL (A Mathematical Programming Language) optimization package. The result obtained revealed a good layout characteristics such as adequate spacing between process units and good utilization of land among others. The total financial cost of USD108,640.88 which may be broken down into residual financial risk of USD106,906.08 and piping cost of USD1,734.81was obtained for the layoutItem Microstructural assessment of AISI 1021 steel under rapid cyclic heat treatment process(Elsevier, 2019-10-13) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; T. A. Orhadahwe; J.O. Aweda; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; O.O. AgboolaThis research was aimed at using image analysis to describe the effects of rapid cyclic heating on mild steel. AISI 1021 steel sample used in this study was subjected to quenching heat treatment followed by 1, 2, 3, and 4-cycles of rapid heat treatment. The as-treated steel samples were characterized by Brinell hardness tests, Charpy V-notch impact tests, optical microscopy, and image analysis using Image J software. The results revealed that the grain size decreased from 1.07 μm in the control sample to 0.79 μm in the third cycle sample and increased to 0.86 μm in the fourth cycle sample. However, the results revealed that two-cycles of rapid heat treatment was enough to produce ultra-fine grains and impact ductility in mild carbon steel. Keywords: Mechanical properties, Collapsed building, Steel rods, Chemical compositions, Percentage elongation