Faculty of Engineering

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Author: search.filters.author.Ayuba SalihuHas files: Yes

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    The Use of Polymer for Road Surfacing as a Strategy for Waste Recycling in Maiduguri
    (ICMEAS, 2023-11-01) Abubakar Damaramma Abbari; Musa Umar Kolo; Onyebuchi Mogbo; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu
    The road network in Maiduguri, Borno State in Nigeria has been continuously deteriorating due to the ongoing rise in traffic combined with insufficient maintenance due to a lack of funding. Various actions, such as securing finances for maintenance, improving roadway design, using better quality materials, and using more efficient construction techniques are reported to be useful in reducing this process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polythene on the characteristics of asphalt and concrete for road surfacing as well as strategy for waste recycling. Hot bitumen and waste polymer were combined at 160°C using a strong mechanical stirrer; plastic was added to the bituminous mix using wet process techniques to create polymer-modified bitumen. Base bitumen with a penetration grade of 60/70 was used for the laboratory tests. To achieve consistency in the mixture, all the polymers were heated and chopped into pieces. 2%, 4% and 6% volume of polymer were used with a control volume of 0%. Different tests such as the Viscosity test, Flash and fire point test, Penetration test, Marshall Test, and Ductility test were all conducted using standard procedures. The test results for penetration, ductility, viscosity, flash and fire points, indicate that the material is becoming less consistent and more resistant to temperature variations. The marshal test findings showed that the modified combination had higher stability and a lower % of VMA (Voids in mineral aggregates) than the traditional plain mixtures. This would significantly increase these mixes' resistance to rutting.
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    Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil by Transesterification Process using Heterogeneous Catalyst
    (NIJEST, 2021-12-07) Ayuba Salihu; Mahmood A. A.; Gimba S. B.; Petrus Nzerem; Ikechukwu Okafor
    Non-renewable diesel from fossil has been considered as potentially carcinogenic with serious harmful effect to human health and to the environment. This study aimed to produce a renewable diesel –biodiesel- via transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO), investigated and determined the most suitable amongst various types of heterogenous catalysts (viz a viz KOH/CaCO3, KOH/CaO and KOH/K2CO3). The chemical and physical characterisation of the biodiesel was been carried out. Among the catalysts investigated, KOH/CaCO3 catalyst showed the best catalytic performance in terms of % yield and better fuel quality in density, acid value, viscosity and free fatty acid. The reason for this performance may be due to its most basic characteristic than the others. As a result, this catalyst was selected for the optimisation study. At the optimum reaction conditions of 10 wt% catalyst loading and 1:10 oil to methanol feed mole ratio, triglycerides conversion was highest, 98.12%. The characterisation results shows that the parameters tested (i.e. density, viscosity, acid value and free fatty acid) meet the strict requirements of the biodiesel standard and therefore, the produced fuel can be used in place of the petrol diesel.
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    Determination of the Optimal Blend Ratio of Hydrogen in Natural Gas System Using Physical Properties as Basis
    (ICMEAS, 2023-11-01) Ayuba Salihu ; Ikechukwu Okafor; Aniezi Okoro Daniel; Abdullahi Gimba ; Petrus Nzerem
    The Determination of the optimal blend ratio of hydrogen in natural gas systems using physical properties as a basis is an important research topic given the increasing use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel source. This research aims to determine the optimal blend ratio of hydrogen in a natural gas system using physical properties such as its Composition, Heating Value, Density, and Wobbe index as the basis of evaluation. Samples of consumer-grade Natural gas and clean Hydrogen gas were sourced in Nigeria. Both samples were used for blending and laboratory analysis. The blend volume ratios of Natural Gas (NG) and Hydrogen analyzed were 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, & 5:5 using a Gasometer and Gas Chromatography Machine (CG). The experiment results provided valuable insights into the potential feasibility of replacing natural gas systems with a Hydrogen-Natural gas blend. The result obtained indicated about 2.06% reduction in percentage methane content, 26.35% reduction in gas density, 19.97% reduction in heating value (HHV), 5% reduction Wobbe index for every 10% increment of Hydrogen Ratio. This implies that blending carbon-neutral hydrogen gas into the natural gas systems for the purpose of decarbonization requires adequate compensation for expected changes in properties like heating value, flow dynamics, and process handling. The EUROMOT specification recommends that the percentage change in the wobbe index should be within the limit of +4% and -4% as an acceptable limit of interchangeability of fuel gas. Using the EUROMOT specification on Wobbe index, further numerical analysis affirmed that Natural Gas blended with as much as 25.74% Hydrogen can effectively be a substitute for fuel gas systems that are presently using Natural Gas.
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    Simulation Technology in Renewable Energy Generation: A Review
    (International Conference on Multidisciplinary Engineering and Applied Sciences (ICMEAS), 2023-11-01) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu; Esther Nneka Anosike-Francis; Adebayo Isaac Olosho; Kpabep Kerein Kalenebari; Yuguda Abdullahi Muhammad; Waliyi Adekola Adeleke; Moses Oluwatobi Fajobi
    The escalating energy consumption rates and the alarming environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel usage have driven global attention towards alternative energy sources. While nuclear power has emerged as one such alternative, concerns about past reactor accidents and the health effects of radiation release have limited its widespread adoption. Renewable energy, on the other hand, offers a promising solution with minimal environmental harm compared to nuclear power. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and their inability to consistently supply power present significant challenges for nations aiming to harness these abundant resources. To address these challenges, the integration of simulation technology into energy generation processes has proven instrumental. By employing simulation tools, it becomes possible to identify, control, and even eliminate factors that may hinder energy generation and efficiency. Furthermore, simulation technology enables accurate predictions of the expected energy output from renewable sources. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent advancements and applications of simulation technology in renewable energy generation. It elucidates how simulation technology has been successfully integrated into renewable energy systems and discusses its potential to enhance the efficiency of renewable energy generation.
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    Green Corrosion Inhibition Practices
    (IEEE, 2023-11-01) Petrus Nzerem; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Ayuba Salihu; Esther Nneka Anosike-Francis; Adeiza Avidime Samuel; Adebayo Isaac Olosho; India Chiazokam Odezugo; Jachimike Agbo Samuel; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni
    Corrosion poses significant challenges for industries worldwide, causing financial losses, safety risks, and environmental issues. To address these concerns, there has been a shift towards sustainable corrosion prevention techniques. This review presents a summary of corrosion, corrosion inhibitors, and specifically focuses on green corrosion inhibitors. It discusses relevant literature exploring various types of green inhibitors to mitigate corrosion. Additionally, it highlights recent progressions in the application of green corrosion inhibitors. The insights presented in this paper enable researchers, engineers, and business experts to adopt sustainable corrosion prevention solutions.
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    Formed Coke from Coal and Plastic: A Review
    (IEEE, 2023-02-28) Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu; Jamiu Kolawole Odusote; Adebayo Isaac Olosho; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Yazeed Abubakar Mohammed; Samuel Chijoke Lawrence; Temitayo Samson Ogedengbe; Adeiza Avidime Samuel
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    Characterization of Wheat Husk ASH and Calcined Eggshell as Potential Glass Former
    (IEEE, 2023-11-01) Serifat Olamide Adeleye; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Petrus Nzerem; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni; Ayuba Salihu; Adebayo Isaac Olosho
    Numerous agricultural byproducts, such as rice husk and straw, bagasse from sugar cane, palm kernel shell, wheat husk and straw, corn cobs, etc, are highly desired for the production of renewable energy and are seen as potential raw materials for high-value products. Because they can be used to extract quality silica and Calcium oxide for borosilicate glass production, this research has demonstrated that these wastes have a significant end value. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) were used to characterize the calcined waste eggshell and wheat husk ash for crystal type, compound identification, and chemical composition. The findings demonstrated that the amount of silica and calcium oxide obtained from agricultural waste could be a suitable alternative source for making glass, with calcined eggshells having a calcium oxide content of 91.7% and wheat husk ash having a silica content of 71.3%. The potential for utilizing the CaO and amorphous silica in the formation of glass is thus intriguing.
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    Compositional Analysis and Characterisation of Non-edible Plant Biomass for Carboxymethyl Cellulose Production
    (IEEE, 2023-11-01) Hauwa A. Rasheed; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu; Temitayo Samson Ogedengbe; Peter Pelumi Ikubanni
    This study assesses the compositional analysis and characterization of eight non-edible plant biomass identified as a potential feedstock to produce carboxymethyl cellulose. The materials' contents were ascertained by gravimetric analysis, and they were further characterized using Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy. According to the research, cellulose was present in substantial amounts ranging from 33 % to 41 %, with sugarcane bagasse having the highest concentration. The percentage of hemicellulose ranged from 18 % to 28 %, with corn cob having the highest percentage. Also discovered was that lignin content varied between 9 % and 22 %, with mahogany having the highest amount amongst the samples. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis of all eight samples reveals a broad band at around 3300 cm-1, which is caused by the stretching vibration of the cellulose's O-H groups. The observed peaks at 1600 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1 correlated to the hemicellulose and lignin's respective C=O and C=C stretching vibrations. Additionally, a significant sharp peak that matched the stretching vibrations in the skeleton of the pyranose ring, C-O-C, was seen at roughly 1050 cm-1. Thus, the findings of this study indicate that all eight samples can yield a respectable amount of cellulose, suggesting that these wastes may serve as feedstocks for the creation of biopolymers like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
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    Development of hydrometallurgical purification process for Nigerian gypsum ore in hydrochloric acid. Part II: Recovery of pure gypsum from leached liquor
    (IEEE, 2023-11-01) Adebayo Isaac Olosho; Folahan Amoo Adekola; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke; Alafara Abdullahi Baba; Kalenebari Kerein Kpabep; Suleiman Suleiman Abba; Divine Uwaoma Okezie; Temitayo Samson Ogedengbe; Ayuba Salihu
    As the world grapples with the challenges of resource scarcity and sustainability, the need to develop indigenous raw materials has gained paramount importance. To achieve self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on foreign sources, harnessing hydrometallurgical processes to extract valuable elements from ores presents a promising solution. Raw gypsum from Postikum, Nigeria, was leached in hydrochloric acid to obtain a pure calcium sulphate dihydrate. The dissolution kinetics have been reported elsewhere. This present study focused on optimizing the recovery of pure gypsum by varying acid concentration, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio. Additionally, the recyclability of regenerated hydrochloric acid was tested. The characterization of the raw gypsum ore (RWG), leached residue (LR), and recovered pure gypsum (RCG) was done using SEM-EDS, XRF, and XRD, respectively. The recovered gypsum was characterised by a brilliant white colour in contrast to the initial brown colour of the ore. XRF results show that RWG contains 50.48% SO3 while RCG contains 57.72 %. XRD results revealed that RWG contains gypsum, magnesite, mordenite, witherite, and calcite, LR contains mordenite, witherite and quartz while RCG consists of gypsum crystal phase only with no impurities. Remarkably, 85% RCG was successfully recovered at the fourth recycle stage of HCl lixiviant. These findings demonstrate that hydrometallurgical treatment of gypsum ore with hydrochloric acid can produce very pure gypsum.
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    Performance Evaluation of Nanocellulose Synthesised from Yam Peels as a Fluid Loss Additive in Water Based Mud
    (Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2023-07-30) Khadijah Ibrahim; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu; Abdullahi Gimba; Oghenerume Ogolo; Ajiri Otedheke; Rabiatu Adamu; Aisha Karofi
    Drilling fluids play a variety of roles in order to achieve a smooth and cost-effective drilling operation, the most important of which is their ability to seal permeable walls of the formation through the formation of a desirable mud cake, thereby reducing fluid loss. This study is targeted at evaluating the performance of nano cellulose, cellulose microfibrils synthesised from yam peels as a fluid loss additive and also its effect on the other properties of the drilling mud. The use of nano-cellulose is due to smaller particles forming better impermeable packing that will plug the permeable pore of the mud cake, as well as its ability to hold water. The nano cellulose was synthesised using bleaching, alkali treatment, and acid hydrolysis, and its quality was assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy, which confirmed the removal of some non-cellulose components as well as changes in surface morphology. The results of the experiment revealed that nano cellulose had an effect on the pH, rheological properties, and filtration properties of the drilling mud. The results also show that adding 1.5 g of nanocellulose reduced fluid loss by 8.13 %, and thus it can be concluded that yam peels nanocellulose will be an effective additive at higher concentrations compared to the Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose, a commercial additive.