Department of Petroleum & Gas
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Item Evaluation of Cd(II) Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution by a Low-Cost Adsorbent Prepared from White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Waste Using Batch Sorption(ChemEngineering, 2018-08-03) Edidiong Asuquo; Alastair D. Martin; Petrus NzeremAn agricultural residue, white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tuber peel (YTBS), was used for the removal of Cd(II) ion from an aqueous solution using a batch method. The adsorbent was characterized using FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX, N2 BET, XRD, and XRF. The optimization of sorption variables such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial metal ion concentration at 25 °C were also carried out. The results indicated the dependence of sorption on the adsorbate pH and adsorbent dose, while the adsorption system reached equilibrium in 180 min. The sorption kinetics was fitted to three models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and Elovich) to validate the kinetics, and the pseudo first order was the best model for the description of Cd(II) uptake. Equilibrium isotherm modelling was also carried out using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, with the Langmuir isotherm giving the best fitting to the experimental results. The maximum loading capacity (qmax) of the adsorbent for Cd(II) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model was 22.4 mg∙g−1 with an isotherm constant (KL) of 3.46 × 10−3 L·mg−1 and r2 value of 0.99. This result indicates that the YTBS residue was a good adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ion from aqueous system.Item Well Placement Optimization Using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm(Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE, 2019-07-31) Aisha Diggi Tukur; Alonge Oluwaseun; Oghenerume Ogolo; Petrus Nzerem; Nhoyidi Nsan; Ikechukwu Okafor ; Abdullahi Gimba; Okafor AndrewThe general success ratio of wells drilled lies at 1:4, which highlights the difficulty in properly ascertaining sweetspots. well placement location selection is one of the most important processes to ensure optimal recovery of hydrocarbons. Conventionally, a subjective decision is based on the visualization of the HUPHISO (a product of net-to-gross, porosity and oil saturation) map. While this approach identifies regions of high HUPHISO regarded as sweetspots in the reservoir; it lacks consideration for neighbouring regions of the sweetspot. This sometimes lead to placement of wells in a sweetspot but near an adjoining aquifer; giving rise to early water breakthrough - low hydrocarbon recovery. Recently, heuristic optimization techniques. Genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) has received attention as methods of selection of well-placement locations. This project developed and implemented GA and SA well-placement algorithms and compared the reservoir performance outputs to that of conventional method. Firstly, a reservoir performance model was built using a reservoir flow simulator. In the base case, the wells were placed based on a subjective selection of gridblocks upon the visualization of the HUPHISO map. Thereafter, JAVA routines of GA and SA well-placement algorithms were developed. The numeric data (ASCII format) underlying the map were then exported to the routines. Finally, the performance model was updated with new well locations as selected based on the GA and SA-based approach and the results were compared to the base case. The Comparison of the results showed that both GA and SA-based approach resulted to an increased recovery and time before water breakthrough.Item Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using mesoporous activated carbon adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and characterisation studies(Lancaster E-Prints, 2017-02-23) Asuquo, Edidiong D.; Martin, Alastair Douglas; Petrus Nzerem; Siperstein, Flor; Fan, XiaoleiIn this study, cadmium and lead ions removal from aqueous solutions using a commercial activated carbon adsorbent (CGAC) were investigated under batch conditions. The adsorbent was observed to have a coarse surface with crevices, high resistance to attrition, high surface area and pore volume with bimodal pore size distribution which indicates that the material was mesoporous. Sorption kinetics for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions proceeded through a two-stage kinetic profile-initial quick uptake occurring within 30 min followed by a gradual removal of the two metal ions until 180 min with optimum uptake (qe,exp) of 17.23 mg g1 and 16.84 mg g1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions respectively. Modelling of sorption kinetics indicates that the pseudo first order (PFO) model described the sorption of Pb(II) ion better than Cd(II), while the reverse was observed with respect to the pseudo second order (PSO) model. Intraparticle diffusion modelling showed that intraparticle diffusion may not be the only mechanism that influenced the rate of ions uptake. Isotherm modelling was carried out and the results indicated that the Langmuir and Freundlich models described the uptake of Pb(II) ion better than Cd(II) ion. A comparison of the two models indicated that the Langmuir isotherm is the better isotherm for the description of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions sorption by the adsorbent. The maximum loading capacity (qmax) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 27.3 mg g1 and 20.3 mg g1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions respectively.Item Defining the Optimal Development Strategy to Maximize Recovery and Production Rate from an Integrated Offshore Water-Flood Project(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019-07-31) Hajara Kabeer Abdulfatah; Ikechukwu Okafor; Petrus Nzerem; Khaleel JakadaA reservoir development plan provides the necessary guidance and information for establishing whether or not a project is economically viable considering possible development project options, risks and uncertainties in order to define the most optimal development concept that will increase oil production and reduce production costs. The aim of this project was to determine the optimum way to develop and produce an offshore oil field in a manner that considers risks and uncertainties and values stakeholders’ interest. A stochastic multi-tank reservoir model was created using MBAL and it consist of various producers and water injection wells. Sensitivity analysis was carried out on Seven development scenarios with a view to examine effect of maintaining reservoir pressure, sustaining well productivity and injectivity, optimize well counts and improving well delivery- timing, cost and well performance. The economic viability of each of the development scenarios was carried out to determine the net present value, incremental project cash flow, unit technical cost, unit development cost and breakeven price BEP of each of the scenarios. The optimal development strategy was then selected based on the production performance and key economic indicators. The project provided an opportunity to develop an additional 396MMbbls of recoverable oil from 32 new wells both producers and injector wells (P+WI).Item Human Detection For Crowd Count Estimation Using CSI of WiFi Signals(International Conference on Electronics Computer and Computation (ICECCO), 2019-12-01) Omotayo Oshiga; Hussein U. Suleiman; Sadiq Thomas; Petrus Nzerem; Labaran Farouk; Steve AdeshinaWe address the problem of crowd estimation in situations such as indoor events using anonymous and non-participatory CSI of WiFi Signals. Observing the great resemblance of Channel State Information (CSI, a finegrained information captured from the received Wi-Fi signal) to texture, we propose a brand-new framework based on statistical mechanics, and relying only on sets of machine learning techniques.In this paper, a framework for crowd count estimation is presented which utilizes Chebyshev filter and SVD to remove background noise in the CSI data, PCA to reduce the dimensionality of the CSI data and spectral descriptors for feature extraction. From the extracted feature, a set of classiffying algorithms are then utilised for training and testing the accuracy of our crowd estimation framework The aim of this framework to effectively and efficiently extract the channel information in WiFi signals across OFDM carriers reflected by the presence of human bodies. From the experiments conducted, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed framework. Our result depict that our estimation becomes more–rather than less–accurate when the crowd count increases.Item A Comparative Analysis of the Well Performance of Vertical, Horizontal and Multilateral Well(Petroleum and Coal, 2019) Ameena A. Gaji; Petrus Nzerem; Oghenerume Ogolo; Ikechukwu Okafor ; Ternenge Joseph ChiorThe demand for energy in the world has been ever increasing. Conventional technologies are being replaced gradually by different new technologies. Horizontal wells and multilateral wells have proved to be highly beneficial by improving production rates significantly. This study focuses on investigating the well performance of vertical well (Well V), horizontal well (Well H), and multilateral well (Well M) in the Hurricane field using PROSPER software. PVT matching, well modelling and well performance analysis was carried out. Sensitivity analysis was performed on key parameters such as tubing diameter, water cut, wellhead pressure and tubing roughness to determine their effects on well productivity. It was observed that increasing the water cut decreased the production rates of Well V, Well H and Well M by 41%, 36.1% and 33.5% respectively. An increase in the tubing diameter improved the production rates, wellhead pressure had high impacts on the well performance while tubing roughness had a minimal effect on oil production. The optimum production rates of 21,622.5 STB/day, 28,653.6 STB/day and 29,800.9 STB/day for Well V, Well H and Well M respectively were achieved at reservoir pressure of 3500 psig, wellhead pressure of 400 psig, water cut of 5% and a 5.5 inches tubing diameter.Item Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane during commercial composting and analysis of associated fungal communities(Elsevier, 2014-03-04) Petrus NzeremIn this study the biodegradation of polyurethane (PU) during the maturation stage of a commercial composting process was investigated. PU coupons were buried in the centre and at the surface of a 10 m high compost pile. Fungal communities colonising polyester PU coupons were compared with the native compost communities using culture based and molecular techniques. Putative polyester PU degrading fungi were ubiquitous in compost and rapidly colonised the surface of polyester PU coupons with significant deterioration. As the temperature decreased, fungal diversity in the compost and on the surface of the polyester PU coupons increased and selection of fungal community on the polyester PU coupons occurs that is different from the surrounding compost.