Research Articles in Petroleum & Gas

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Author: search.filters.author.Ayuba SalihuSubject: search.filters.subject.Water based mud

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    Effect of Raw and Delignified Banana Stem (Musa Cavendish) On the Rheological and Filtration Loss Properties of Water Based Mud
    (NJEAS, 2023-10-12) Ayuba Salihu; Ahmed Abubakar; Petrus Nzerem; Abdullahi Gimba; Khadijah Ibrahim; Ikechukwu Okafor; Khaleel Jakada
    In compliance with environmental laws and safety rules, oil and gas companies have taken necessary steps to eradicate the use of toxic chemicals conventionally used in drilling muds, thereby promoting biodegradable alternatives. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of two banana stem samples; Raw Banana Stem (RBS) and Delignified Banana Stem (DBS) as potential and proficient viscosifiers and fluid loss control agents in water based mud. The rheological properties evaluated include plastic viscosity (cP), apparent viscosity (cP), yield point (Ib/100ft2) and gel strength (Ib/100ft2) at 10 seconds and 10 minutes. Filtration loss properties evaluated include filter cake thickness (mm) and fluid loss volume (ml). Each drilling mud sample was prepared using 350 ml, 20 g bentonite and varying contents (g) of carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), RBS and DBS. A mixer was used to mix the mud homogenously; the rheological properties were calculated using a viscometer while the filtration loss properties were calculated using a filter press. The results and analysis were compared to the effects of commercially available carboxymethyl cellulose to validate its properties. RBS and DBS improved the rheological properties of the mud sample contents of 3 g, 5 g, 7 g and 9 g. At contents of 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g, RBS and DBS samples provide significant fluid loss control and their results are similar to the results of CMC. RBS has a fluid loss volume increase of 6.84 %, 5.69 %, 17.12 % and 8.06 % from CMC’s results at slightly similar filter cake thickness while DBS has a fluid loss volume increase of 15.59 %, 15.09 %, 27.55 % and 15.35 % from CMC’s result. The data obtained from the experiments showed both banana samples can be used as environmentally friendly viscosifiers and fluid loss control agents.
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    Evaluation and Treatment of Cement Contamination in Water Based Mud
    (NJEAS, 2023-01-01) Tahir Aliyu; Ikechukwu Okafor; Ayuba Salihu; Khaleel Jakada; Oghenerume Ogolo; Petrus Nzerem; Abdullahi Gimba; Oluogun Olawale
    Drilling mud is susceptible to contamination, particularly from cement, yet monitoring its characteristics and implementing control and remediation strategies is critical for its performance in safe and cost-effective drilling operations. This study presents an experimental investigation into the evaluation and treatment of cement contamination in Water Based Mud (WBM). Four mud samples were prepared and three were contaminated with 4g, 8g and 12g of cement. A chemical treatment using 6g of sodium bicarbonate was applied as a remedy for contamination. The Rheological properties, mud pH and mud densities of the contaminated and treated Water Based Mud at temperatures of 35°C, 55°C, 75°C and 95°C were determined. Furthermore, the elemental composition of samples of contaminated and treated Water Based Mud was determined using an X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. From the results obtained the mud density increased with a rise in cement concentration for both contamination and treatment with the exception of 8g cement concentration at 75°C and 95°C and 12g cement concentration at 55°C and 75°C where a decrease was observed in the treatment process. The yield point and 10second gel increased for both contamination and treatment process. In contrast, the 10minute gel decreased for both contamination and treatment process. With some exceptions, increasing cement concentration resulted in a decrease in plastic viscosity, whereas treatment with sodium bicarbonate resulted in an increase with some exceptions. The mud pH for the contamination process increased as cement concentration increased, while treatment only marginally increased it with exception of 12g at 75°C and 95°C where a decrease was observed. Sodium bicarbonate treatment improves stability by decreasing excessive calcium and lime contamination from cement, reducing pollutants and enhancing the pH stability of the drilling mud. Additionally, results from the mud characterization indicates a higher percentage of 17.962% lime (CaO) for cement contamination and lower percentage of 15.710% lime (CaO) for treatment with sodium bicarbonate which agrees with literature for the treatment process.