Browsing by Author "Khadijah Ibrahim"

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A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING TECHNIQUES IN SHALE GAS PRODUCTION
(NJEAS, 2023-01-01) Umar Adekola; Abdullahi Gimba; Ayuba Salihu; Khaleel Jakada; Ikechukwu Okafor ; Petrus Nzerem; Joseph Chior; Oghenerume Ogolo; Khadijah Ibrahim
Shale gas has emerged as a significant source of natural gas due to advancements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies. This extraction method has facilitated drilling and production activities in regions previously untouched by oil and gas development. Hydraulic fracturing, a well-stimulation technique suitable for low and moderate-permeability reservoirs, relies on the successful drilling of horizontal wells and the creation of multiple hydraulic fractures to ensure economic viability. While shale gas presents significant energy production opportunities, concerns have been raised regarding its environmental impact. To mitigate these risks and determine the most effective approach for shale gas extraction, alternative fracturing technologies are being investigated. Notably, a considerable number of perforation clusters in shale gas horizontal wells do not contribute to production, highlighting the potential for refracturing. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is required to evaluate the performance of hydraulic fracturing and alternative fracturing technologies in shale gas wells, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and gas extraction efficiency. This article aims to evaluate the hydraulic fracturing technology's capability to enhance gas recovery in shale gas formations as well as its environmental implications. The focus of this research is primarily on the hydraulic fracturing technique employed in shale gas development, its production capability, and associated environmental concerns. Through a systematic evaluation, this study provided valuable insights into the potential of hydraulic fracturing in maximizing gas recovery while addressing environmental challenges in shale gas formations.
Effect of Raw and Delignified Banana Stem (Musa Cavendish) On the Rheological and Filtration Loss Properties of Water Based Mud
(NJEAS, 2023-10-12) Ayuba Salihu; Ahmed Abubakar; Petrus Nzerem; Abdullahi Gimba; Khadijah Ibrahim; Ikechukwu Okafor; Khaleel Jakada
In compliance with environmental laws and safety rules, oil and gas companies have taken necessary steps to eradicate the use of toxic chemicals conventionally used in drilling muds, thereby promoting biodegradable alternatives. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of two banana stem samples; Raw Banana Stem (RBS) and Delignified Banana Stem (DBS) as potential and proficient viscosifiers and fluid loss control agents in water based mud. The rheological properties evaluated include plastic viscosity (cP), apparent viscosity (cP), yield point (Ib/100ft2) and gel strength (Ib/100ft2) at 10 seconds and 10 minutes. Filtration loss properties evaluated include filter cake thickness (mm) and fluid loss volume (ml). Each drilling mud sample was prepared using 350 ml, 20 g bentonite and varying contents (g) of carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), RBS and DBS. A mixer was used to mix the mud homogenously; the rheological properties were calculated using a viscometer while the filtration loss properties were calculated using a filter press. The results and analysis were compared to the effects of commercially available carboxymethyl cellulose to validate its properties. RBS and DBS improved the rheological properties of the mud sample contents of 3 g, 5 g, 7 g and 9 g. At contents of 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g, RBS and DBS samples provide significant fluid loss control and their results are similar to the results of CMC. RBS has a fluid loss volume increase of 6.84 %, 5.69 %, 17.12 % and 8.06 % from CMC’s results at slightly similar filter cake thickness while DBS has a fluid loss volume increase of 15.59 %, 15.09 %, 27.55 % and 15.35 % from CMC’s result. The data obtained from the experiments showed both banana samples can be used as environmentally friendly viscosifiers and fluid loss control agents.
Influence of Local Additives on Water Based Drilling Mud: A Review
(NJEAS, 2023-09-20) Petrus Nzerem; Khaleel Jakada; Mohammed Shariff; Abdulquddus Ozigi; Ayuba Salihu; Ikechukwu Okafor; Steve Adeshina; Khadijah Ibrahim; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke
This review paper focuses on the use of local additives in water-based drilling mud to reduce environmental impact and improve drilling operations. Drilling mud plays a crucial role in drilling operations by acting as a coolant, carrying drilled particles, stabilizing the wellbore, and preventing wellbore issues. However, poorly formulated drilling mud can lead to drilling difficulties and environmental pollution. Therefore, the exploration of organic-based drilling mud additives, sourced locally in Nigeria, is discussed in this paper.it highlights the potential of transforming organic waste materials, such as rice husk, cassava, corn cobs, and more, into usable products for drilling mud. By utilizing these locally sourced organic materials, the environmental impact of drilling waste can be minimized. The importance of waste management in the oil and gas industry is emphasized, as it is crucial for sustainable drilling practices. The paper further discusses various studies and experiments conducted on the use of local polymers and natural materials as substitutes for imported additives in water-based drilling mud. These materials include cassava starches, agro-waste materials, eco-friendly drilling fluid additives, and various plant-based substances. The performance and effectiveness of these materials are evaluated in terms of viscosity control and fluid loss prevention. The results indicate that many of these local polymers and natural materials can be viable and have shown positive results in terms of improving the rheological and filtration characteristics of the mud, reducing fluid loss, and enhancing overall mud qualities. Earlier studies on the use of agro-waste products as additives in drilling fluids are reviewed in this paper. These studies examine the properties affected by local materials, the type of mud used, and the findings of each study. The economic analysis of using agro-waste materials as drilling additives is also discussed. The conclusion highlights the availability and affordability of agricultural waste materials as potential substitutes for traditional drilling additives, which can help reduce drilling costs. The paper also provides recommendations for future research in this area.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF ACHI (BRACHYSTEGIA EURYCOMA) ON THE THICKENING TIME OF CEMENT
(NJEAS, 2023-01-01) Ayuba Salihu; Yakubu Nuhu; Khadijah Ibrahim; Abdullahi Gimba; Petrus Nzerem; Ikechukwu Okafor; Oghenerume Ogolo
In recent times, more wells are being drilled and producing in the petroleum industry. To prevent early workover resulting from casing collapse caused by corrosion, shattering of cement sheath during perforation and fracturing, and to protect the integrity of the well, it is important to use properly designed cement slurry with appropriate additives to protect the well from the formation. The development of adequate thickening time cement is a critical task in cementing operations today. Achieving suitable thickening time of oil well cement ensures both prevention of lost circulation and a long wait on cement time. With this in mind, this research work shows a comparative study of the thickening time of oil well cement with achi and without achi contamination under different temperature of 130 ℉, 150 ℉, 200 ℉, and 250℉ and pressure conditions of 1000 psi, 1500 psi, 2000 psi and 3000psi respectively for all the experiment conducted. The thickening time of cement slurry without achi content at 70 Bc were 205, 215, 202 and 200 minutes respectively. The experiment was also conducted under different achi content ranging from 2 g, 4 g, 8 g, 10 g to 12g. The results and analysis were compared. The result with 2g achi content were 164, 147, 146, and 141 minutes. The results with 4g achi content were 127, 131, 130, and 124 minutes. The results with 8g achi content were 71, 69, 75, and 65 minutes, while the results at 10g achi content were 67, 62, 63, and 60 minutes. The results with 12g achi content were 63, 62, 60, and 56 minutes under the temperature and pressure respectively. The data obtained from the experiment signifies that introducing achi and altering the temperature and pressure to the cement slurry has a significant effect on the properties of the cement by accelerating the thickening time.
Performance Evaluation of Nanocellulose Synthesised from Yam Peels as a Fluid Loss Additive in Water Based Mud
(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2023-07-30) Khadijah Ibrahim; Petrus Nzerem; Ayuba Salihu; Abdullahi Gimba; Oghenerume Ogolo; Ajiri Otedheke; Rabiatu Adamu; Aisha Karofi
Drilling fluids play a variety of roles in order to achieve a smooth and cost-effective drilling operation, the most important of which is their ability to seal permeable walls of the formation through the formation of a desirable mud cake, thereby reducing fluid loss. This study is targeted at evaluating the performance of nano cellulose, cellulose microfibrils synthesised from yam peels as a fluid loss additive and also its effect on the other properties of the drilling mud. The use of nano-cellulose is due to smaller particles forming better impermeable packing that will plug the permeable pore of the mud cake, as well as its ability to hold water. The nano cellulose was synthesised using bleaching, alkali treatment, and acid hydrolysis, and its quality was assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy, which confirmed the removal of some non-cellulose components as well as changes in surface morphology. The results of the experiment revealed that nano cellulose had an effect on the pH, rheological properties, and filtration properties of the drilling mud. The results also show that adding 1.5 g of nanocellulose reduced fluid loss by 8.13 %, and thus it can be concluded that yam peels nanocellulose will be an effective additive at higher concentrations compared to the Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose, a commercial additive.
STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SYNTHESIZED FROM PERIWINKLE SHELL AS A pH ENHANCER IN WATER BASED DRILLING MUD
(NJEAS, 2023-01-01) Zainab Lamin; Ikechukwu Okafor; Khaleel Jakada; Petrus Nzerem; Abdullahi Gimba; Oghenerume Ogolo; Ayuba Salihu; Khadijah Ibrahim
Reservoirs that contain acidic gases can lead to the corrosion of the drilling string and casing which could result in incessant down time and also increase the cost of drilling operation. This research work aimed at investigating the potential of using locally sourced materials such as Periwinkle Shell Ash (PSA) that can serve as substitutes to imported chemicals used in the industry, to help raise the mud pH to the API standard (9.5-12.5) whilst reducing the cost of drilling operation. Calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH2)) was extracted from Periwinkle Shell using two different process routes (via the calcination of the PSA and without it). Characterization tools were used to assess the functional groups present and the elemental composition of the periwinkle shell. Various laboratory equipment was used to observe the impact the additives would have on the mud properties (pH, mud weight, filtration characteristics and rheological properties) of the new drilling ﬂuid. Results showed that as the mass of the synthesized Ca (OH2) from the calcined PSA, the uncalcined PSA and the commercial Ca (OH2) was increased, the pH of the mud samples was observed to have increased the pH of the base mud by 20.9%, 15.1% and 10%. Therefore, this research showed that the extracted Ca (OH2) acted primarily as a pH enhancer. However, the addition of Ca (OH2) from all sources exhibited poor filtration characteristics as there was high filtrate loss as the filtration time and the additive concentration increased which could affect the formulation and the performance of the drilling mud.