Browsing by Author "Joseph Chior"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING TECHNIQUES IN SHALE GAS PRODUCTION
(NJEAS, 2023-01-01) Umar Adekola; Abdullahi Gimba; Ayuba Salihu; Khaleel Jakada; Ikechukwu Okafor ; Petrus Nzerem; Joseph Chior; Oghenerume Ogolo; Khadijah Ibrahim
Shale gas has emerged as a significant source of natural gas due to advancements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies. This extraction method has facilitated drilling and production activities in regions previously untouched by oil and gas development. Hydraulic fracturing, a well-stimulation technique suitable for low and moderate-permeability reservoirs, relies on the successful drilling of horizontal wells and the creation of multiple hydraulic fractures to ensure economic viability. While shale gas presents significant energy production opportunities, concerns have been raised regarding its environmental impact. To mitigate these risks and determine the most effective approach for shale gas extraction, alternative fracturing technologies are being investigated. Notably, a considerable number of perforation clusters in shale gas horizontal wells do not contribute to production, highlighting the potential for refracturing. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is required to evaluate the performance of hydraulic fracturing and alternative fracturing technologies in shale gas wells, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and gas extraction efficiency. This article aims to evaluate the hydraulic fracturing technology's capability to enhance gas recovery in shale gas formations as well as its environmental implications. The focus of this research is primarily on the hydraulic fracturing technique employed in shale gas development, its production capability, and associated environmental concerns. Through a systematic evaluation, this study provided valuable insights into the potential of hydraulic fracturing in maximizing gas recovery while addressing environmental challenges in shale gas formations.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION INDEX OF WATER-BASED DRILLING FLUID WASTE
(NJEAS, 2023-10-01) Malut Abba; Abdullahi Gimba; Ayuba Salihu; Petrus Nzerem; Ikechukwu Okafor; Khaleel Jakada; Joseph Chior
The prevalence of heavy metal pollution in oil and gas producing areas, Niger-Delta Nigeria, due to drilling activities in some oil and gas sites has resulted in the pollution of an immeasurable area of land and water. This study appraised the level of environmental menace caused by heavy metals in water-based drilling fluid waste. It involved an oil and gas site where drilling activities were taking place and settlement with no record of drilling activities served as control. In the drilling sites, two composite drilling fluid waste samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and zinc using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The measured concentrations of the heavy metals in drilling fluid wastes were then used to determine the pollution and ecological risk posed by heavy metals. The thermal desorption treatment method was used. Their concentrations before and after treatment of the drilling fluid wastes were in the order Fe > Cr >Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb and Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cd respectively with Cr, Fe, Ni, and Pb having their concentrations higher than permissible levels in water after treatment and responsible for most of the total potential ecological risk. The PLI (Pollution Load Index) before and after treatment were 0.0463 and 0.0017 respectively. There was a drastic decrease in potential pollution levels after treatment. Also, all the several pollution indices studied revealed that the drilling sites were contaminated with Cd and Cr. This reveals that drilling sites cause further risk of heavy metal pollution. The correlation analysis of heavy metals assessed is between 0.9 - 1.0 suggesting that all the heavy metals assessed showed high positive correlation coefficients at (p < 0.05) and likely originated from the same source of drilling activities in the study area.
Current Developments on the Application of Hydrogen in Industry: A Review
(NJEAS, 2024-04-18) Petrus Nzerem; Jacklyn Oche; Mohammed Sherrif; Khaleel Jakada; Ikechukwu Okafor; Joseph Chior; Chinaza Enwere; Adekunle Akanni Adeleke
The worldwide transition in energy utilization to a society that is “carbon-neutral” demands a major revamp of power generating and distribution networks. Notwithstanding, in the great drive for the growth of renewable energy that is clean and environmentally safe, hydrogen's incorporation into energy networks is currently understudied. The state of the current art and prospects for the future, including prospective applications of hydrogen technologies in energy are examined in this overview. The findings demonstrate the fact, which portrays continual efforts to increase performance, technological perspective, and increases in scale. Finally, governmental support is of great importance and necessity if allowance is to be made for a cost-competitive hydrogen economy.
Production of Fuel Oil from Blends of Refinery Products for Powering Heat Exchanger
(NJEAS, 2024-04-21) Aminu Abubakar; Joseph Chior; Ayuba Salihu; Petrus Nzerem; Abdullahi Gimba; Ikechukwu Okafor; Khaleel Jakada
Fuel oil, also known as furnace oil is a fraction of crude oil obtained when distillation processing is carried out in the refinery. Due to the high viscous of the heavy fuel oil, that makes it difficult to be pump throughout the pipework of the power plant, it is necessary to produce a fuel oil that will meet up the required standard. The aim of this study was to produce fuel oil from the blend of refinery intermediate product which meet certain European fuel specifications outlined in the EN 590:2009 standard alongside NMDPRA Standards. The blending stocks obtained from the Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) were first filtered to remove some particulate impurities before they were analyzed to determine their properties after which, they were introduced into a mixed-tank that has an agitator connected and the blending was done using the blending ratio obtained from literature. The fuel oil produced was eventually analyzed for properties such as: Specific Gravity, API Gravity, Density, Viscosity, Kinematic Viscosity, Moisture Content, Flash Point, Cloud Point, Pour Point and Sulphur content. The sample with a composition of 33.3% of Decant oil (DCO), 33.3% Heavy gas oil (HGO), 33.3% light cycle oil (LCO) produced fuel oil of specific gravity 0.916, API Gravity 22.95, Density 0.896, Viscosity 40, Kinematic viscosity 4.7, pour point -6.5 and flash point 109, The analysis of the fuel oil meet the standard for blended fuel oil, according to the ISO 8217:2017 Standard. The results confirmed that blending of decant oil with conventional petroleum diesel (heavy and light gas oil) has a highly significant effect on the properties of the resulting fuel blend. The results show that by increasing the heavy gas oil content of the blend, the flash point of the blend increases; while increasing the decant oil content of the blend results in a decrease in Cloud point. The results of the analysis of the produced fuel oil confirms that its properties fall within the acceptable range for Fuel Oil and can be used as fuel for fired heaters and furnaces of the refinery and other process plants.